BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF BRITISH PRIME MINISTERS
The Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers is a wide-ranging, comprehensive guide to the political lives of Britains prime ministers, from Sir Robert Walpole to Tony Blair. Written by some of the leading scholars in British history and politics, this authoritative dictionary provides essential information about each premiership, including facts and analytical debate on seminal issues and events in British history. Each entry has been written to a consistent style and contains:
- brief biographical information outlining career history and significant dates and events
- a brief summary of the significance and peculiarities of each prime minister followed by a more descriptive and interpretative account of his or her political life and impact on British politics
- references and further reading
The Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers addresses many of the key themes which have influenced parliamentary politics in Great Britain in the past three hundred years, such as the historical and cultural context of each premiership; party management and reform; intra-party intellectual and ideological debate and, where relevant, the evolution of the office of the prime minister in connection to the role of monarchy and the impact of mass politics.
Robert Eccleshall is Professor and Head of the Department of Politics at Queens University, Belfast. Graham Walker is Reader in Politics at the same department.
BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY OF BRITISH PRIME MINISTERS
Edited by
Robert Eccleshall
and
Graham Walker
First published 1998
by Routledge
11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
1998 Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biographical dictionary of British prime ministers/edited by Robert Eccleshall and Graham Walker.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
(alk. paper)
1. Prime ministersGreat BritainBiographyDictionaries. 2. Great BritainPolitics and governmentDictionaries. I. Eccleshall, Robert. II. Walker, Graham S.
DA28.4.B56 1998
941.0099dc21 9811039
CIP
ISBN 0-415-10830-6 (hbk)
ISBN 0-415-18721-4 (pbk)
ISBN 0-203-19455-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-19458-6 (Glassbook Format)
CONTRIBUTORS
- Dr Eugenio Biagini
Robinson College Cambridge
- Dr Stuart Ball
Department of History
University of Leicester
- Professor Jeremy Black
Department of History
University of Exeter
- Dr Marjorie Bloy
Rotherham College of Arts and Technology
- Dr Brian Brivati
School of Humanities Kingston
University Kingston-upon-Thames
- Professor Stephen Brooke
Department of History
Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia
- Professor Kenneth Brown
Department of Economic and Social History
Queens University of Belfast
- Professor Muriel Chamberlain
Department of History
University of Wales Swansea
- Dr Valerie Cromwell
History of Parliament London
- Dr Eveline Cruickshanks
Institute of Historical Research University of London
- Dr Stephen Driver
School of Sociology and Social Policy Roehampton Institute London
- Professor Robert Eccleshall
Department of Politics
Queens University of Belfast
- Dr Richard English
Department of Politics
Queens University of Belfast
- Professor Eric Evans
Department of History
University of Lancaster
- Dr Michael Fry
Historian and journalist based in Edinburgh
- Professor Andrew Gamble
Department of Politics
University of Sheffield
- Dr Keith Grieves
School of Teacher Training Kingston
University Kingston-upon-Thames
- Dr Andrew Hanham
History of Parliament London
- Professor Christopher Harvie
Department of British and Irish Studies
University of Tbingen
- Dr Brian Hill
Department of History
University of East Anglia
- Dr Boyd Hilton
Trinity College Cambridge
- Dr Ian Hutchinson
Department of History
University of Stirling
- Dr Alvin Jackson
School of Modern History
Queens University of Belfast
- Professor Peter Jupp
School of Modern History
Queens University of Belfast
- Dr Michael Kenny
Department of Politics
University of Sheffield
- Professor Philip Lawson (deceased)
(formerly at) University of Alberta Edmonton
- Dr Luke Martell
School of Social Sciences
University of Sussex
- Professor Arthur Marwick
Department of History
Open University
- Dr Jennifer Mori
Department of History
University of Toronto
- Professor Philip Norton
Department of Politics
University of Hull
- Dr Jonathan Parry
Pembroke College Cambridge
- Professor George Peden
Department of History
University of Stirling
- Dr Marie Peters
Department of History
University of Canterbury New Zealand
- Professor Martin Pugh
Department of History
University of Newcastle
- Professor James Sack
Department of History University of Illinois Chicago
- Professor Karl Schweizer
Department of History
New Jersey Institute of Technology
- Professor Geoffrey Searle
School of English and American Studies
University of East Anglia Norwich
- Professor Peter Stansky
Department of History
Stanford University California
- Dr Duncan Tanner
Department of History
University of Wales Bangor
- Dr Stephen Taylor
Department of History
University of Reading
- Emeritus Professor Peter Thomas
(formerly of) Department of History
University of Wales Aberystwyth
- Dr Andrew Thorpe
Department of History
University of Exeter
- Professor Philip Wainwright
Department of History
Stanford University California
- Dr Graham Walker
Department of Politics
Queens University of Belfast
- Dr John Walton
Department of History
University of Lancaster
- Dr David Wilkinson
History of Parliament London
PREFACE
This volume, as its title suggests, consists of portraits of each occupant of the highest office in British politics since the first half of the eighteenth century. It is scholarly in approach: the assessments of the individual prime ministers are informed by a knowledge of academic findings in the field, particularly works of history but also of the social sciences and literature. Political memoirs and diaries have also been expertly mined for what they might contribute to the critical objective. Prime ministers are placed firmly, and we hope illuminatingly, in the context of their time; scholarly debates around cognate themes such as the development of party, the role of the monarch, the impact of mass democracy, and the ideological foundations of policies and programmes are alluded to where appropriate. Contributors have been chosen with a view to the new insights they might bring to their subjects, and to their command of the broader political, social and economic context. As editors we believe the volume represents a fair reflection of scholarly progress in the realm of British political history and, indeed, contemporary history. It may also be viewed as a contribution to the study of questions of leadership in British politics and society, rightly identified by a prominent British historian as a somewhat neglected theme (Clarke 1991:17).