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Durkheim - Professional Ethics and Civic Morals

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Durkheim Professional Ethics and Civic Morals
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Professional Ethics and Civic Morals one cannot help realizing that had the - photo 1
Professional Ethics and Civic Morals

one cannot help realizing that had the social sciences paid more attention to Durkheim half a century or so ago, a good many false steps might have been saved and we might be much further along than we are today. Even if his point of view in its entirety may not be acceptable, Durkheim had insights well ahead of his age.

Annual Review of Anthropology

mile Durkheim is one of the founding fathers of sociology and Professional Ethics and Civic Morals is one of his most neglected yet insightful works. Durkheims view that the instability of industrial society was connected to the decline of religion and his characterization of the state as the ultimate moral force in society reveal his lifelong engagement with the relationship between the individual and society.

In Professional Ethics and Civic Morals Durkheim poses a major question: given the negative social consequences of unfettered markets, which caused what he termed anomie, how is the state to reconcile morality with the market? Durkheim argues that the answer is to be found in the evolution of a civil religion, in the form of professional codes and civic values, which would counteract the effects of individualism, just as guilds had regulated medieval economic life.

Arguing that the state has a vital role to play in moral life and that morals are at bottom social facts a controversial position which drew considerable criticism Durkheim also argues that the state has a duty to protect the rights of the individual, via a form of cosmopolitan patriotism.

Durkheim also articulates a highly original and critical interpretation of the rules around property and inheritance a perspective which resonates with debates about inequality and the redistribution of wealth today.

Included in this Routledge Classics edition is a new introduction by Bryan S. Turner, placing Durkheim in contemporary context and outlining the key tenets of Professional Ethics and Civic Morals.

mile Durkheim (18581917) was one of the founders of sociology and social anthropology. He also believed that education was vitally important in sustaining a moral life and was deeply involved in the campaign for educational reform in France.

Routledge Classics contains the very best of Routledge publishing over the past - photo 2

Routledge Classics contains the very best of Routledge publishing over the past century or so, books that have, by popular consent, become established as classics in their field. Drawing on a fantastic heritage of innovative writing published by Routledge and its associated imprints, this series makes available in attractive, affordable form some of the most important works of modern times.

For a complete list of titles visit www.routledge.com/classics

First published in Routledge Classics 2019

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Translated by Cornelia Brookfield
Translation Routledge 1957
Introduction to Routledge Classics Edition 2019 Bryan S. Turner

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

First published by Routledge 1957

Second edition published by Routledge 1992

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Durkheim, mile, 1858-1917, author.

Title: Professional ethics and civic morals / mile Durkheim ; translated by Cornelia Brookfield ; with a new introduction by Bryan S. Turner.

Other titles: Leons de sociologie. English

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge classics | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018024441| ISBN 9781138601888 (hardback) | ISBN 9781138601895 (pbk.) | ISBN 9780429452901 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Social ethics. | Professional ethics. | Civics--Moral and ethical aspects. | Sociological jurisprudence--Moral and ethical aspects.

Classification: LCC HM665 .D8713 2019 | DDC 303.3/72--dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018024441

ISBN: 978-1-138-60188-8 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-138-60189-5 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-45290-1 (ebk)

Introduction: moral facts

mile Durkheim (18581917) was a dominant and controversial figure in French education and politics in his lifetime and remains a founding father of modern sociology. The questions he raised and the puzzles he explored remain with us today. If we have any answers, we have them because Durkheim and other thinkers of his early generation of sociologists paved the way. Many of his publications The Division of Labor in Society (1893), Suicide (1897), The Rules of Sociological Method (1895), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1912) have retained their place in the arena of classical sociology. Finally, Durkheim has also been the topic of two major biographies Steven Lukes (1972) and Marcel Fournier (2013). However, Professional Ethics and Civic Morals has not received the attention it deserves.

The neglect of this important set of lectures is partly due to the convoluted history of its publication. The various chapters in this volume were originally given as lectures in Bordeaux in 189899, and later at the Sorbonne in 19045, 191011, and 191415 and hence the volume is somewhat fragmented. Durkheims vocabulary and mode of expression have become foreign to a modern ear as for example when he declares that the State is the very organ of social thought (p.55). His central thesis that morals are social facts also challenges many modern assumptions about the relativistic interpretation of facts. A contemporary sociologist might be inclined to put facts in quotation marks. Contemporary moral philosophy might also want to treat morality as expressing our approval or disapproval of some behaviour, or registering our feelings and attitudes towards behaviour. Its critics have described this understanding of morality as emotivism (MacIntyre, 2007). By contrast, for Durkheim morality is a system of collective, external and objective rules that determine behaviour. He emphatically asserts at the opening of the section on professional ethics: The science of morals and rights should be based on the study of moral and juridical facts. These facts consist of rules of conduct that have received sanction (p.1). Durkheims optimism about the future development of industrial civilization and the prospect of cosmopolitanism (or world patriotism (pp.8081) under the guiding principles of the Enlightenment has been overshadowed by two world wars and their fatal consequences. Finally, we live in a world where economic liberalism has underpinned policies to cut taxes, privatize government and limit the role of the state. Durkheims view of the evolution of the state has not been borne out in Europe and even less so in the United States. Chicago economic theory and neo-liberal policies have eclipsed Keynesianism.

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