Garibaldi Giuseppe - Garibaldi: invention of a hero

GARIBALDI

Lucy Riall was educated at the London School of Economics and at Cambridge University. She has taught at the University of Essex, the cole Nationale Suprieure, Paris, and at the Freie Universitt Berlin. She is now Professor of History at Birkbeck College, University of London. Among her publications are Sicily and the Unification of Italy, 18591866 (1998) and Risorgimento: The History of Italy from Napoleon to Nation State (2008).

GARIBALDI

INVENTION OF A HERO

LUCY RIALL

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW HAVEN AND LONDON

Copyright 2007 Lucy Riall

First printed in paperback 2008

The right of Lucy Riall to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act of 1988.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Riall, Lucy, 1962

Garibaldi: invention of a hero/Lucy Riall.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 9780300112122 (alk. paper)

1. Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 18071882. 2. Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 18071882Influence. 3. Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 18071882Public opinion. 4. GeneralsItalyBiography. 5. StatesmenItalyBiography. 6. ItalyHistory18491870. 7. ItalyHistory18701914. I. Title.

DG552.8.G2R514 2007

945'.083092dc22

[B]

2006032507

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN 978-0-300-14423-9 (pbk)

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A Ciccio

1 Monument to Garibaldi in Rome (Emilio Galloni, 1895). Photograph by Francesco Filangeri. 5

2 Portrait of Garibaldi in Il Mondo Illustrato, 5 February 1848. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 54

3 Suggestive effects, Il Don Pirlone, 29 May 1849. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 88

4 Once again the knavish red devil has escaped through hell! Il Fischietto, 21 August 1849. British Library, London. 89

5 Garibaldi and his negro servant, The Illustrated London News, 21 July 1849, p. 417. Senate House Library, University of London. 91

6 Headquarters of Garibaldi at Rome, The Illustrated London News, 23 June 1849, p. 36. Senate House Library, University of London. 92

7 Garibaldi in New York, engraving from a daguerreotype by Marcus Root, in T. Dwight, The Roman Republic of 1849; with accounts of the Inquisition and the siege of Rome (New York, 1851). 111

8 Garibaldi as Christ Pantocrator, lithograph, Piedmont, 1850s, in E. E. Y. Hales, Pio Nono. A study in European politics and religion in the nineteenth century (London, 1954), p. 161. 150

9 Garibaldi in 1859 by Gustave Dor, in Journal pour tous, supplement: La guerre d'Italie, 1, 4 June 1859, p. 20. Bibliothque Nationale de France. 189

10 Garibaldi and the defenders of Italy, cover of L'Italia e i suoi difensori. Album storicobiografico del'avv'Giuseppe Pistelli, ornato da ritratti e stampe litografiche, Florence, 1860. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 191

11 Garibaldi as a Piedmontese general, in L'Italia e i suoi difensori. Album storicobiografico del'avv'Giuseppe Pistelli, ornato da ritratti e stampe litografiche, Florence, 1860. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 193

12 Garibaldi the hero of the popular song: Garibaldi, in Souvenirs de la guerre d'Italie. Chants guerriers par messieurs Auguste Barbier, Pierre Dupont, Fernand Denoyers, Gustave Mathieu, Charles Vincent. Musique et accompagnement de piano par MM. Darcier, Pierre Dupont, Hector Salmon et Mme Mlanie Dentu, Paris, n.d. but 1859. British Library, London. 204

13 Landing in Marsala of General Garibaldi with 800 men, in Il 19 luglio 1860. Festa popolare in Palermo pel giorno natalizio del generale Giuseppe Garibaldi, Palermo, 1860, p. 12. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 234

14 Garibaldi hands Sicily over to the gentleman King, in Il 19 luglio 1860. Festa popolare in Palermo pel giorno natalizio del generale Giuseppe Garibaldi, Palermo, 1860, p. 21. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 235

15 Garibaldi the Liberator; or, the modern Perseus, Punch, or the London Charivari, 16 June 1860. Birkbeck College Library, University of London. 250

16 The revolution in Sicily. Narrow escape of our special artist, The Illustrated London News, 4 August 1860, p. 111. Senate House Library, University of London. 255

17 Garibaldian volunteers, The Illustrated London News, 20 October 1860, p. 371. Senate House Library, University of London. 256

18 The hero and the saint, Punch, or the London Charivari, 22 September 1860. Birkbeck College Library, University of London. 257

19 Garibaldi's departure from Genoa for Sicily, Album storicoartistico. Garibaldi nelle due Sicilie ossia guerra d'Italia nel 1860. Scritta da B.G. con disegni dal vero, le barricate di Palermo, ritratti e battaglie, litografati da migliori artisti, Milan, 18602. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 260

20 The taking of Milazzo, Album storicoartistico. Garibaldi nelle due Sicilie ossia guerra d'Italia nel 1860. Scritta da B.G. con disegni dal vero, le barricate di Palermo, ritratti e battaglie, litografati da migliori artisti, Milan, 18602. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 261

21 Garibaldi's landing in Marsala, Album storicoartistico. Garibaldi nelle due Sicilie ossia guerra d'Italia nel 1860. Scritta da B.G. con disegni dal vero, le barricate di Palermo, ritratti e battaglie, litografati da migliori artisti, Milan, 18602. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 262

22 Garibaldi as a cover hero: F. Mistrali, Storia popolare della rivoluzione di Sicilia, Milan, 1860. Societ Siciliana per la Storia Patria, Palermo. 263

23 General Garibaldi spearing fish by night off Caprera, The Illustrated London News, 26 January 1861, p. 67. Senate House Library, University of London. 309

24 The hermit of Caprera, Giuseppe Garibaldi da Caprera ad Aspromonte, 18606162. Memorie Storiche raccolta da Felice Venosta, Milan, n.d. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 310

25 A young Spaniard who prefers to kill himself than leave Garibaldi, Giuseppe Garibaldi da Caprera ad Aspromonte, 18606162. Memorie Storiche raccolta da Felice Venosta, Milan, n.d. Museo del Risorgimento, Milan. 311

26 An insatiable Saturn who devours his children big and small indiscriminately one after the other, Il Fischietto, 4 September 1862. British Library, London. 323

27 Cain and Abel, by Adolfo Matarelli, Il Lampione, 10 December 1862. Fondazione Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Milan. 326

28 Aspromonte 28 August 1860, cartoon, Italy 1862, in G. Sacerdote, La vita di Giuseppe Garibaldi, Milan, 1933, p. 843. 327

29 This is the noblest Roman of them all, Punch, or the London Charivari, 9 April 1864. Birkbeck College Library, University of London. 333

30 Garibaldi at home, Staffordshire portrait figure,