Freire - Positive leisure science: from subjective experience to social contexts
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Leisure and positive living. Research and Theory on Positiveness in the Social Sciences: The Central Role of Leisure / Robert A. Stebbins -- Redeeming Leisure in Later Life / Douglas A. Kleiber -- Leisure, growth and development. Adolescent Leisure from a Developmental and Prevention Perspective / Linda L. Caldwell, Monique Faulk -- Leisure Experience and Positive Identity Development in Adolescents / Teresa Freire -- Positive Leisure Science: Leisure in Family Contexts / Ramon B. Zabriskie, Tess Kay -- Leisure, Optimal Experience, and Psychological Selection: Cultural and Developmental Perspectives / Marta Bassi, Antonella Delle Fave -- Leisure, well-being and quality of life. Facilitating Change Through Leisure: The Leisure and Well-Being Model of Therapeutic Recreation Practice / Colleen D. Hood, Cynthia P. Carruthers -- Flow and Leisure / Kim Perkins, Jeanne Nakamura -- Leisure Time, Physical Activity, and Health / Jorge Mota, Mauro Barros, Jos Carlos Ribeiro, Maria Paula Santos -- Bringing Leisure in: The Benefits and Importance of Leisure to Non-resident Fatherhood and Parent-Child Contact / John M. Jenkins -- Happiness Through Leisure / Jeroen Nawijn, Ruut Veenhoven -- Leisure and the pursuit of a Positive Leisure Science (PLS). Afterthoughts on Leisure and Future Research Directions / Teresa Freire, Linda L. Caldwell.;This book extends positive psychology by embedding leisure into the positive science field, following a new paradigm and aggregating various domains and fields. Positive science can be applied to the field of leisure and, in turn, leisure can serve as an arena to study some of the most important optimal functioning variables. The book presents knowledge on a diverse range of topics about optimizing socio-cognitive processes and behaviors, places and contexts, societies and cultures through leisure. These topics are unified by an underlying continuum that extends from individuals and subjective experiences to social worlds. The contributions highlight components of everyday life, showing that subjective experience and life trajectories are structured and social goals and life purposes are defined and achieved within interactions between individuals and their lived contexts and environments in daily life.
Freire: author's other books
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Robert A. Stebbins
Rhona Rapoport
Henry Durant
Hugh Cunningham
Les Haywood
Nels Anderson
Josef Pieper
Thorsten Veblen
Elkington Sam
Sepp Linhart
Francis A. McGuire
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Part 1
leisure and positive living
leisure and positive living
Teresa Freire (ed.) Positive Leisure Science 2013 From Subjective Experience to Social Contexts 10.1007/978-94-007-5058-6_1 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013
1. Research and Theory on Positiveness in the Social Sciences: The Central Role of Leisure
Robert A. Stebbins 1
(1)
Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Robert A. Stebbins
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Abstract
Positiveness is a personal sentiment felt by people who pursue those things in life they desire, the things they do to make their existence attractive, worth living. Such people feel positive about these aspects of life. Because of this sentiment, they may also feel positive toward life in general. A main focus of social scientific research on positiveness is on how, when, where, and why people pursue those things in life that they desire, on the things they do to create a worthwhile existence that is, in combination, substantially rewarding, satisfying, and fulfilling. The goal of this chapter is to explain the central role of leisure and certain kinds of work in generating positiveness. It is in the domains of leisure, and to a lesser extent work, that people are most likely to find activities leading to a worthwhile existence.
Only in psychology has the study of positiveness achieved the status of a recognized specialty, and then only recently. The idea is new, even if in some fields traces of it may have been found far back in their histories. We begin with a deeper look at positiveness than is possible using the definition just presented. After a discussion of positiveness in various social sciences, sections follow on the serious leisure perspective and the concept of occupational devotion, which together, form a main theoretic base for the study and application of research in positive social science.
Positiveness is a personal sentiment felt by people who pursue those things in life they desire, the things they do to make their existence attractive, worth living. Such people feel positive about these aspects of life. Because of this sentiment, they may also feel positive toward life in general. A main focus of social scientific research on positiveness is on how, when, where, and why people pursue those things in life that they desire, on the things they do to create a worthwhile existence that is, in combination, substantially rewarding, satisfying, and fulfilling. The goal of this chapter is to explain the central role of leisure and certain kinds of work in generating positiveness. It is in the domains of leisure, and to a lesser extent work, that people are most likely to find activities leading to a worthwhile existence.
Only in psychology has the study of positiveness achieved the status of a recognized specialty and then only recently. The idea is new, even if in some fields traces of it may be found far back in their histories. We begin with a deeper look at positiveness than is possible using the definition just presented. After a discussion of positiveness in various social sciences, sections follow on the serious leisure perspective and the concept of occupational devotion, which together, form a main theoretic base for the study and application of research in positive social science.
The Nature of Positiveness
It is possible to sharpen our understanding of this idea first by indicating what it is not. First, positiveness in the sense used here does not refer in any way to positivism, usually meaning controlled, quantitative research procedure whose roots are commonly traced most immediately to the logical positivists of early twentieth-century philosophy. Second, positiveness is not essentially problem centered; it is not about lifes many difficult personal and social problems. Moreover, the positive wing of any social science is not oriented toward trying to understand and solve them. Third, positiveness is not description. All the social sciences describe and explain a variety of phenomena, without ever interpreting them in either positive or negative terms. For instance, studying family structure is largely a descriptive, neutral undertaking in sociology and anthropology. The same may be said for linguistics, where scholars may trace the changes in a societys mother tongue. In geography, some researchers describe in neutral language how groups of people adapt to and use their natural environment, without necessarily dwelling on either the positive or the negative features of that adaptation.
What Positiveness Is
I have just claimed that positiveness is a personal sentiment felt by people pursuing those things in life they desire, the things they do to make their existence attractive, worth living. It is evident from research, primarily done in the field of leisure studies, that this sentiment comes from engaging in activities that participants find rewarding, satisfying, and fulfilling. Those activities are mostly found in leisure or in work that is like leisure, discussed later as devotee work. Leisure is uncoerced activity undertaken during free time. Uncoerced activity is positive activity that, using their abilities and resources, people both want to do and can do at either a personally satisfying or a deeper fulfilling level (Stebbins, ) is like serious leisure, in that it meets the six distinctive qualities of the latter. At the same time, it constitutes all or part of the workers livelihood.
Furthermore, positiveness is far more than an absence of negativeness, even though such absence may help focus attention on the first. Negativeness is the state of mind people experience when they ponder or are faced with personal and social problems. These problems are inherently disagreeable. Moreover, their solution, even their partial solution, cannot in itself engender positive feelings about life. Granted, successfully controlling or even ameliorating these problems brings welcome relief to those people. But managing a personal or communal problem this way, be the problem rampant drug addiction, growing domestic violence, persistent poverty, or enduring labor conflict, is hardly the same as people pursuing something they like. Instead, control of or solutions to these problems brings, in effect, a level of tranquility to life these efforts make life less disagreeable. This situation, in turn, gives those who benefit from them some time, energy, and inclination to search for what will, when found, make their existence more agreeable, more worth living.
Positiveness in Psychology and Sociology
Positive psychology is the oldest discipline in the social sciences formally dedicated to the study and promotion of positiveness. Among its antecedents are the ideas of such humanistic psychologists as Abraham Maslow and Erich Fromm. Todays positive psychology is interested in uncovering peoples strengths and promoting their positive functioning (Snyder & Lopez, , p. 3). Martin Seligman observed in his presidential address in 1998 to the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association that a new field known as positive psychology had emerged within the discipline of psychology.
I proposed changing the focus of the science [psychology] and the organization of scientists in the world. I proposed changing the focus of the science and the profession from repairing the worst things in life to understanding and building the qualities that make life worth living. I call this new orientation Positive Psychology. At the subjective level, the field is about positive experience: well-being, optimism, flow, and the like. At the individual level it is about the character strengths love, vocation, courage, aesthetic sensibility, leadership, perseverance, forgiveness, originality, future-mindedness, and genius. At the community level it is about the civic virtues and the institutions that move individuals toward better citizenship, responsibility, parenting, altruism, civility, moderation, tolerance, and work ethic (From Seligmans Positive Psychology Network Concept Paper is available at: ).
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