Herschel V. Cashin - Under fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry
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United States.--Army.--Cavalry, 10th, Spanish-American War, 1898--Regimental histories, Spanish-American War, 1898--Participation, African American, African American soldiers--History--19th century.
publication date
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1993
lcc
:
E725.45.U53 1993eb
ddc
:
973.8
subject
:
United States.--Army.--Cavalry, 10th, Spanish-American War, 1898--Regimental histories, Spanish-American War, 1898--Participation, African American, African American soldiers--History--19th century.
UNDER FIRE with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry
by HERSCHEL V. CASHIN, Rec'r US. Land Office, Huntsville, Ala.; CHARLES ALEXANDER, General Newspaper Correspondent; WILLIAM T. ANDERSON, Chaplain Tenth U.S. Cav., Fort McIntosh, Texas; ARTHUR M. BROWN, A. A. Surgeon Tenth U.S. Cav., Fort McIntosh, Texas; HORACE W. BIVINS, Sergeant Tenth U.S. Cav., Fort Sam Houston, Texas
Introduction by RICHARD N. ELLIS
UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO
Copyright 1993 by the University Press of Colorado P.O. Box 849 Niwot, Colorado 80644
All rights reserved.
The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State College, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Mesa State College, Metropolitan State College of Denver, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, University of Southern Colorado, and Western State College.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Under fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry / by Herschel V. Cashin .. [et al.]; introduction by Richard N. Ellis. p. cm. Originally published: London; New York: F.T. Neely, c1899. ISBN 0-87081-280-7; ISBN 87081-270-x (pbk.) (alk. paper) 1. United States. Army. Cavalry, 10th. 2. Spanish-American War, 1898Regimental histories. 3. Spanish-American War, 1898Participation, Afro-American. 4. Afro-American soldiersHistory19th century. I. Cashin, Herschel V. E726.45 10th.U63 1993 973.8'9dc2092-40171 CIP
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48-1984
10 9 8 7 6 4 3 2 1
Page v
INTRODUCTION
When Under Fire with the Tenth U.S. Cavalry was published in 1899, the contribution of Blacks to American military history had been largely ignored. Blacks had, however, served with distinction in all American wars. In the American Revolution individuals such as Crispus Attucks and Salem Poor earned recognition while at least one Negro unit, the so-called Black Regiment from Rhode Island, was in service from 1778 to 1783. Blacks served in both the navy and the army during the War of 1812, and two Negro battalions participated in the Battle of New Orleans. Thousands of Blacks served in the Civil War, and in 1866 legislation was passed that authorized Black regiments in the regular army.
The act of July 28, 1866, provided for two Black cavalry regiments, the Ninth and Tenth, and four infantry regiments. In 1869 when the army was reduced in size, the four infantry regiments were reduced to two, the Twenty-fourth and the Twenty-fifth.
While some army officers discriminated against and mistreated Black soldiers in these regiments and other officers declined the opportunity to serve in such units, a number of distinguished soldiers accepted such assignments. Among them were Ranald S. Mackenzie and Abner Doubleday of the Twenty-fourth Infantry, Benjamin Grierson of the Tenth Cavalry, Wesley Merritt of the Ninth Cavalry, and Nelson Miles of the Fortieth Infantry, which was merged into the Twenty-fifth Infantry in 1869.
During most of the remainder of the century, units of these four regiments were scattered across the West on frontier duty. They were stationed from Texas and New Mexico on the south to the Dakotas and Montana in the
Page vi
north and from Minnesota to Arizona. They fought warriors of the Western Sioux, Cheyennes, Comanches, and various Apache groups, and some participated in Mackenzie's Raid across the Rio Grande in 1878. Frontier duty meant isolation, harsh working conditions, disagreeable living conditions, boredom, and occasional danger. Frontier service also meant familiarity with racism, particularly in small towns on the Texas frontier, but discrimination also existed within the army. Prejudice was evident in other regiments, in some of the officers who commanded the Black troops, and in the command structure of the army, which frequently provided the Black regiments with castoff equipment.
Despite such problems, the Negro regiments established excellent records, particularly the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry, which acquired the nickname "Buffalo Soldiers" from Plains Indians. It was troopers from the Tenth Cavalry who rescued Major George Forsyth and his group of scouts at Beecher's Island in 1868, and it was troopers from the Ninth Cavalry who rescued troops pinned down by Northern Utes after the Meeker uprising in Colorado in 1879. It was in honor of the meritorious service of the Buffalo Soldiers that a troop of the Ninth Cavalry was stationed at Fort Myers, Virginia, in 1891, but this assignment caused such an outcry locally that the troop was quickly returned to the West.
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