Jian Chen - The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties

p.i

THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF THE GLOBAL SIXTIES

As the fiftieth anniversary of 1968 approaches, this book reassesses the global causes, themes, forms, and legacies of that tumultuous period. While existing scholarship continues to largely concentrate on the U.S. and Western Europe, this volume will focus on Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. International scholars from diverse disciplinary backgrounds explore the global sixties through the prism of topics that range from the economy, decolonization, and higher education, to forms of protest, transnational relations, and the politics of memory.

Chen Jian is Distinguished Global Network Professor of History at NYU Shanghai (with an affiliated appointment at NYU New York), Global Fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Zijiang Distinguished Visiting Professor at East China Normal University, and Hu Shih Professor of History Emeritus at Cornell University.

Martin Klimke is Associate Dean of Humanities and Associate Professor of History at New York University Abu Dhabi.

Masha Kirasirova is Assistant Professor of History at New York University Abu Dhabi.

Mary Nolan is Professor of History at New York University.

Marilyn Young was Professor of History at New York University.

Joanna Waley-Cohen is Provost for NYU Shanghai and Silver Professor of History at NYU New York.

p.iii

THE ROUTLEDGE
HANDBOOK OF THE
GLOBAL SIXTIES

Between protest and nation-building

Edited by Chen Jian, Martin Klimke,
Masha Kirasirova, Mary Nolan,
Marilyn Young and
Joanna Waley-Cohen

p.iv

First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2018 selection and editorial matter, Chen Jian, Martin Klimke, Masha Kirasirova, Mary Nolan, Marilyn Young and Joanna Waley-Cohen; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Chen Jian, Martin Klimke, Masha Kirasirova, Mary Nolan, Marilyn Young and Joanna Waley-Cohen to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Names: Chen, Jian, 1952- editor of compilation.

Title: The Routledge handbook of the global sixties : between protest and nation-building / edited by Jian Chen, Martin Klimke, Masha Kirasirova, Mary Nolan, Marilyn Young and Joanna Waley-Cohen.

Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, [2018]

Identifiers: LCCN 2017040361| ISBN 9781138557321 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315150918 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Nineteen sixties. | Nineteen sixtiesPolitical aspects. | Protest movements. | World politics1955-1965. | World politics1965-1975. | Nineteen sixtiesSocial aspects. | Civilization, Modern1950

Classification: LCC CB425 .R795 2018 | DDC 909.82dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017040361

ISBN: 978-1-138-55732-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-15091-8 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo
by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon, UK

p.v

For Marilyn Young

p.xii

Book cover. Poster, OSPAAAL (Havana), International Week of Tricontinental Solidarity, 1968. Image courtesy of Lincoln Cushing/Docs Populi

p.xiii

p.xiv

p.xv

p.xvi

p.xvii

p.xviii

p.xix

This volume is the result of a multiyear, cross-campus collaboration within New York Universitys global network infrastructure. Jointly organized by colleagues in Shanghai, New York, and Abu Dhabi, in 2016 we held two conferences in Shanghai (March 1315) and Abu Dhabi (September 1921) where we gathered nearly fifty academics from all over the world to explore critically the global dimension of the sixties. We enjoyed truly excellent papers, presentations, and comments, as well as tremendously rich and stimulating discussions that shaped our perspective on this decade in many ways.

International collaborative projects of this magnitude rest on the efforts and support of a great many people. We are thus very grateful to Chen Jian, Jeff Lehman (Vice-Chancellor, NYU Shanghai), and Joanna Waley-Cohen (Provost, NYU Shanghai) for, first of all, coming up with the idea of this project over dinner in Shanghai, inviting us to NYU Shanghai to discuss the first outlines of it, and generously funding our collaboration and first conference there. We are also very thankful to Yvonne Jingyi Liu and Luka Lujia Luo, our colleagues in Shanghai, who helped with planning and on-the-ground arrangements.

In Abu Dhabi, we benefited from the generous financial and administrative support of the NYU Abu Dhabi Institute and its wonderful staff: Gila Bessarat-Waels, Manal Demaghlatrous, Nora Yousif, and Antoine El Khayat. In New York, we would like to thank the Provosts Global Research Initiative (GRI) for its support of this initiative. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Patty Mouzakitis and Dylan Thurston, who created our conference website and arranged for visas and travel.

For copyediting, Dan Geist and his expert advice in matters of grammar and style has been invaluable to us and our contributors. Michael Bourne and Rob Langham at Routledge were patient and supportive over the course of the preparation of this volume.

We would like to dedicate this volume to our dear friend and colleague Marilyn Young. From the very beginning, Marilyn was involved in the planning of this volume and also participated in the conference in Shanghai, but sadly passed away before we could complete this project. She was a wonderfully supportive and patient mentor to generations of students and young scholars, a kind and generous colleague, and a prolific and brilliant scholar in the field of U.S. foreign relations. Her work on the Vietnam War made a major contribution to our understanding of the global sixties. We will miss her sharp analysis of international affairs, her open-mindedness and curiosity, as well as her friendship, humor, and laughter. She meant more to us than words can ever express.

p.xx

Was there a global 1968?

Odd Arne Westad

As a term, 1968 is synonymous with youthful rebellion against established powers: a soixante-huitard in France is (or rather was) a student rebel, a sesentaochero is the same in Spain or Latin America, and other renditions abound. Historically, it seems as if the term has been particularly popular among those who for political, geographical, or generational reasons missed the events of 1968 themselves, but who wish that they had been there, on the barricades in Paris or at least in some form of protest march or sit-in. In this sense, 1968 is profoundly a product of the 1970s, with later ironic uses as those who then identified with rebellion gradually found their place in established institutions and politics. And for most people, in most parts of the world, 1968 is more about imagery, music, or lifestyle choices than it is about lived political experience.