Table of Contents
To Ruth, who asked the question.
Im sorry the answer is so long.
Dramatis Personae
United States
Albright, Madeleine, Permanent Representative to the United Nations, 19931997; Secretary of State, 19972001
Allen, Richard, National Security Adviser, 19811982
Armitage, Richard, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, 19831989; Deputy Secretary of State, 20012005
Aspin, Les, Congressman, 19711993; Secretary of Defense, 19931994
Baker, James, Presidents Chief of Staff, 19811985; Secretary of the Treasury, 19851988; Secretary of State, 19891992
Berger, Sandy, Deputy National Security Adviser, 19931997; National Security Adviser, 19972001
Bolton, John, Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, 20012005; Permanent Representative to the United Nations, 20052006
Bremer, L. Paul, Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, Iraq, 2003; head of Coalition Provisional Authority, 20032004
Brown, Harold, Secretary of Defense, 19771981
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, National Security Adviser, 19771981
Bush, George H. W., Vice President, 19811989; President, 19891993
Bush, George W., President, 2001
Carlucci, Frank, National Security Adviser, 19861987; Secretary of Defense, 19871989
Carter, Jimmy, President, 19771981
Casey, George W., Commanding General, Multi-National Force, Iraq, 20042007; Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, 2007
Casey, William, Director of Central Intelligence, 19811987
Cheney, Richard, Secretary of Defense, 19891993; Vice President, 2001
Christopher, Warren, Deputy Secretary of State, 19771981; Secretary of State, 19931997
Clark, William, Deputy Secretary of State, 19811982; National Security Adviser, 19821983; Secretary of the Interior, 19831985
Clarke, Richard, National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-Terrorism, 19982001
Clinton, William, President, 19932001
Cohen, William, Secretary of Defense, 19972001
Deutch, John, Director of Central Intelligence, 19951996
Djerejian, Edward, Ambassador to Syria, 19891991; Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, 19911993; Ambassador to Israel, 19931994
Dobbins, James, special envoy Somalia, 1993; special envoy Haiti, 1994; National Security Council staff, 19961999; special envoy Kosovo, 1999; Assistant Secretary of State for Europe, 20002001; special envoy Afghanistan, 20012002
Downing, Wayne, General, National Director and Deputy National Security Adviser for Combating Terrorism, 20012002
Duelfer, Charles, leader, Iraq Survey Group, 20042005
Eisenhower, Dwight, President, 19531961
Ford, Gerald, President, 19741977
Franks, Tommy, Commander-in-Chief, United States Central Command, 20002003
Freeh, Louis, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, 19932001
Frum, David, White House speechwriter, 20012002
Gates, Robert, National Security Council and CIA staff positions, 19661981; Deputy Director of Intelligence, CIA, 1982; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence, 19861989; Assistant to the President and Deputy National Security Adviser, 19891991; Director of Central Intelligence, 19911993; Secretary of Defense, 2006
Garner, Jay, General, Director of Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, Iraq, 2003
Gerson, Michael, Presidents chief speechwriter, 20012006
Glaspie, April, Ambassador to Iraq, 19881990
Gonzales, Alberto, White House counsel, 20012005; Attorney General, 20052007
Gore, Al, Vice President, 19932001
Haass, Richard, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs, National Security Council, 19891993; Director of Policy Planning, Department of State, 20012003
Habib, Philip C., special envoy to the Middle East, 19811983
Hadley, Stephen, Deputy National Security Adviser, 20012005; National Security Adviser, 2005
Haig, Alexander, Secretary of State, 19811982
Indyk, Martin, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for Near East and South Asian Affairs, National Security Council, 19931995; Ambassador to Israel, 19951997 and 20002001; Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, 19972000
Jordan, Hamilton, White House Chief of Staff, 19791980
Kay, David, Director, Iraq Survey Group, 20032004
Kennedy, John F., President, 19611963
Kirkpatrick, Jeane, Ambassador to the United Nations, 19811985
Kissinger, Henry, National Security Adviser, 19691975; Secretary of State, 19731977
Lake, Tony, National Security Adviser, 19931997
Ledeen, Michael, Special Adviser to the Secretary of State, 19811982; consultant, National Security Council, Department of Defense, and Department of State, 19821986
McFarlane, Robert, special envoy to the Middle East, 1983; National Security Adviser, 19831985
Mitchell, George, Senate Majority Leader, 19891995; special envoy to Northern Ireland, 19951998; head of fact-finding mission into Arab-Israeli conflict, 20002001
Murphy, Richard, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, 19831989
Muskie, Edmund, Secretary of State, 19801981
Nixon, Richard, President, 19691974
North, Oliver, National Security Council Staff, 19811986
Nunn, Sam, Senator, 19721997
ONeill, Paul, Secretary of the Treasury, 20012002
Perle, Richard, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy, 19811987; member of the Defense Policy Board, 19872004 (Chairman, 20012003)
Perry, William, Secretary of Defense, 19941997
Petraeus, David, Commanding General, Multi-National ForceIraq, 2007
Poindexter, John, Deputy National Security Adviser, 19831985; National Security Adviser, 19851986
Powell, Colin, National Security Adviser, 19871989; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 19891993; Secretary of State, 20012005
Reagan, Ronald, President, 19811989
Regan, Donald, Secretary of the Treasury, 19811985; White House Chief of Staff, 19851987
Rice, Condoleezza, National Security Adviser, 20012005; Secretary of State, 2005
Ross, Dennis, Director of Policy Planning, Department of State, 19891992; Special Middle East Coordinator/Middle East Envoy, 19882000
Rove, Karl, Senior Adviser to the President, 20012007
Rumsfeld, Donald, Special Presidential Envoy to the Middle East, 19831984; Secretary of Defense, 20012006
Schwarzkopf, Norman, Commander-in-Chief, United States Central Command, 19881991
Scowcroft, Brent, National Security Adviser, 19741977 and 19891993
Shelton, Henry