Holmes - A spy like no other: the Cuban Missile Crisis, the KGB and the Kennedy assassination
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For Nancy and all my family, present and departed; remembering especially my first wife, Margaret, who was with me in Moscow in 19612, and my sister, Alice, who died at far too young an age.
W hen I began writing this book three years ago, it was going to be about Oleg Penkovsky, his relationship with the CIA and MI6, and the part he played in the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis. In the course of my research, however, I came across references to someone called Ivan Serov. At first I tried to ignore him but he became so persistent that I had to incorporate him into the story. As my research continued I became intrigued by this relatively unknown anti-hero who had been largely removed from the record by the obsessive Communist machine when he fell into disfavour shortly after Penkovskys trial and execution in 1963. Then I began to research the creation of Castros Cuba and became fascinated by the Mafias and CIAs involvement in it. This inevitably led me to extend the story to include the assassination of President Kennedy. My further research led me to some startling and, to me, unexpected conclusions that might just help to bring a flicker of light into the dark corners that have yet to be illuminated by incontrovertible evidence of the truth.
While I have used my experience in the British Diplomatic Service to describe the story, virtually all of the information is drawn from open sources rather than from specific knowledge gained while I was employed there.
My infinitely patient wife, Nancy, has been a tower of strength and encouragement to me. All of our loving and much loved children have had faith in my ability to complete this task or so they said and have also given me much encouragement.
I do not speak Russian, and am accordingly most grateful to Professor Geoffrey Swain (Alec Nove Chair in Russian and East European Studies, University of Glasgow) for his guidance on where Nikita Petrovs book First Chairman of the KGB: Ivan Serov (published only in Russian) either supplemented or contradicted the content of my original draft.
My thanks also to the several family members and friends who bravely volunteered, or were conscripted, to read and comment upon my early drafts. Their suffering, hopefully, has not been in vain.
However, my efforts would undoubtedly have come to nought had it not been for the encouragement and expert guidance of Michael Smith, Hollie Teague, Reuben Cohen and everyone else at Biteback Publishing.
I am also grateful to the US Department of State and the CIA for publishing so much information on their websites. All of the quoted parts of Penkovskys debriefing were taken from the CIA.
Stalin originated the concept enemy of the people. This term automatically made it unnecessary that the ideological errors of a man or men engaged in a controversy be proven. It made possible the use of the cruellest repression, violating all norms of revolutionary legality, against anyone who in any way disagreed with Stalin, against those who were only suspected of hostile intent, against those who had bad reputations. Excerpt from Nikita Khrushchevs secret speech delivered during the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2425 February 1956)
The KGBs exclusive concern was to be absolutely certain of its non-involvement in the assassination.
KGB Chairman Vladimir Semichastny answering a question years after the assassination of President Kennedy
VH: Hungarian State Security (the secret police agency).
BOB: Berlin Operation Base. The name given to the CIAs station in West Berlin.
CIA: Central Intelligence Agency. A United States government agency responsible for providing national security intelligence to senior US policymakers.
CPSU: Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
DRE: Cuban Student Revolutionary Directorate (an anti-Castro organisation).
FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation. The organisation that protects and defends the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats and enforces the criminal laws of the United States.
FPCC: Fair Play for Cuba Committee. A pro-Castro organisation based in the United States.
FRD: Revolutionary Democratic Front. An anti-Castro Cuban exile organisation that combined a number of smaller groups of like mind.
G-2: Cuban intelligence organisation.
GKKNIR: The Soviet Unions State Committee for the Coordination of Scientific Research Work. This organisation was formed in 1961 following the reorganisation of the GNTK.
GNTK: The Soviet Unions State Committee for Science and Technology.
GRU: An acronym for the Russian for Main Intelligence Directorate, being short for the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union. (It still exists under the same name but now relating only to Russia.)
HVA: Hauptverwaltung Aufklrung, or General Reconnaissance Administration: the foreign intelligence section of the Stasi.
ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile.
IRBM: Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile.
JCS: United States Joint Chiefs of Staff body.
JM/WAVE: The CIAs station in Miami.
KGB: Committee for State Security. The most important Soviet Union national security agency covering internal security, intelligence, and the secret police. It operated from 1954 until 1991. See also KGB History.
KGB History
The Cheka (All-Russian Extraordinary Committee to Combat Counter-Revolution and Sabotage) was established after the October Revolution in 1917. It was under the control of the NKVD (Peoples Commissariat for Internal Affairs).
In February 1922 the Cheka was replaced by the State Political Directorate (GPU), which was the secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). In November 1922, when the Soviet Union proper was formed, the GPU had to be reorganised to exercise control over state security throughout the new union. The new organisation was called the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) and control of it passed from the NKVD (still an organisation of the RSFSR) to the Council of Peoples Commissars.
In 1934 the NKVD was transformed to encompass all of the Soviet Republics (not just Russia) and the OGPU was incorporated into this new NKVD as the Main Directorate for State Security (GUGB).
In February 1941 the sections of the NKVD responsible for military counterintelligence became part of the Peoples Commissariats of Defence and the Navy (RKKA and RKKF). The GUGB was separated from the NKVD and renamed the Peoples Commissariat for State Security (NKGB). Five months later, after the German invasion, the NKVD and NKGB were reunited. The military counterintelligence sections were returned to the NKVD in January 1942.
In April 1943 the military counterintelligence sections were again transferred to the RKKA and RKKF, becoming SMERSH (an acronym of the Russian for Death to Spies). At the same time, the NKGB was again separated from the NKVD.
In 1946 all Soviet commissariats were made into ministries. The NKVD became the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) and the NKGB was renamed as the Ministry of State Security (MGB).
On 5 March 1953 the day Stalin died Lavrentiy Beria merged the MGB back into the MVD, and in a subsequent reorganisation in 1954 Khrushchev once more split the police and security services to make them:
The Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD), responsible for the criminal police and correctional facilities; and,
The Committee for State Security (KGB), responsible for the political police, military counterintelligence, intelligence, personal protection of the leadership, and confidential communications.
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