Brian P. Farrell - Empire in Asia: A New Global History

Empire in Asia

Empire in Asia:
A New Global History

Volume Two
The Long Nineteenth Century

Edited by
Donna Brunero and Brian P. Farrell

Contents

Jack Fairey and Brian P. Farrell

Brian P. Farrell and Donna Brunero

Thomas David DuBois

Robert Bickers

John P. DiMoia

Bruce M. Lockhart

Brian P. Farrell

Paul W. Werth

Jack Fairey

Donna Brunero

Odd Arne Westad

Figures

Tables

These volumes emerged from a research project based in the Department of History, National University of Singapore, with which they also share a title. The investigators, editors, authors, and project members note with gratitude the support provided by the Singapore Ministry of Education through a research grant from the MOE Academic Research Fund, Tier 2, without which this work would not have been possible. Grateful thanks also to the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, as well as the Department, for understanding and support. Claire Lipscomb and Emma Goode from Bloomsbury were more patient than we deserved and very supportive, for which our thanks. Among the authors, special mention must go to Thomas DuBois for doing so much to launch the entire project in the first place. Miriam Kaminishi and Ishizu Tomoyuki made timely and welcome contributions to the project as a whole. Most welcome and effective research assistance was provided by Michelle Djong, Daniel Lee, Aloysius Ng, Sandeep Singh, Amelia Tan, Wilfred Teo, and Jennifer Yip. Last but not least, the many students who over the years have taken our course HY2245 History of Empires, Colonies and Imperialism have our gratitude for inspiring the whole idea in the first place.

Personal and Place Names

Personal names are generally given in the forms that will be most familiar to readers (e.g., Peter the Great instead of Ptr Velikii). A few notable exceptions have been made, however, to bring anglicized names closer to their original form: for example, Chinggis for Genghis, Qubilai for Kubilai, Tmr for Tamerlane, Chaadai instead of Chaghatai, and Humyn for Humayun. Similarly, place-names are generally given in their modern, official form, with a few exceptions made for places that are better known under their historic names: therefore, Cochin and Banquibazar rather than Kochi and Ichapore (but Melaka rather than Malacca). Batavia, Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras have also been used occasionally to refer to the cities of Jakarta, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai, as the historic names also refer to the larger Dutch and British colonies and presidencies of which they were the capitals. For clarity, the modern official name will be given once in parenthesis upon the first use of such historic names.

Transliteration and Romanization

Non-English words are italicized upon first use only. Non-English words such as jihad, khan, and Sharia that have entered regular usage have not been italicized, nor has any attempt been made to transliterate them in any systematic fashion (so jihad rather than jihd). Words and names from languages written in non-Latin scripts are rendered according to the following systems.

Arabic: as per the system of the International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Chinese: as per the Pinyin system of romanization, without the diacritics showing tones

Greek: as per the American Library AssociationLibrary of Congress (ALA-LC)

Japanese: as per the Revised Hepburn system of romanization

Korean: as per the Revised Romanization of Korean (Gugeoui Romaja Pyogibeop) system

Manchu: as per the Mllendorff transliteration system

Mongolian: as per the system of Nicholas Poppes Grammar of Written Mongolian, modified by replacing , , and with ch, sh, and gh

Ottoman Turkish: as per modern Turkish orthography, except that final unvoiced consonants are left voiced (e.g., Ahmed not Ahmet and Mehmed not Mehmet)

Persian: as per the system of the International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies

Russian: as per the American Library AssociationLibrary of Congress (ALA-LC), slightly modified by removing all diacritic marks (e, ii, ts, iu, and ia for , i, ts, iu, and ia)

Sanskrit: as per the International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration (IAST)

Robert Bickers is professor of history at the University of Bristol, and works on issues at the intersection of modern Chinese history, and the history of colonialism and empire. His books include Empire Made Me: An Englishman Adrift in Shanghai (2003), The Scramble for China: Foreign Devils in the Qing Empire (2011), and Out of China: How the Chinese Ended the Era of Foreign Domination (2017). He directs the Historical Photographs of China digitization project (www.hpcbristol.net) and currently leads a Hong Kong History Project. Britains imperial presence in Asia was an intermittent feature of his family history from 1885 for over a hundred years.

Donna Brunero is senior lecturer in history at the National University of Singapore. Her research focuses on the intersections between maritime and imperial history, with a particular interest in the colonial port cities of Asia and the treaty ports of China. She has published and has forthcoming works relating to the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, Britons in China, maritime ethnography, and colonial representations of piracy in Asia. She is coeditor of Volume Two of Empire in Asia, the author of Britains Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 18541949 (2006) and has a forthcoming coedited volume on material culture and port cities, titled Life in Treaty Port China and Japan (2018). Her current research project is on the representations of maritime Asia in the nineteenth century via East India Company journals.

John P. DiMoia was associate professor of history at the National University of Singapore from 2008 to 2016, and is now affiliated as a researcher with Department III of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG), based in Berlin. He works on the history of (1) medical practices (biomedical, traditional) and (2) the development of systems of infrastructure in Northeast Asia (eighteenth to twenty-first century), especially for energy and the two Koreas.

Thomas David DuBois is a historian of modern China and transnational East Asia. He is the author of Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China (2005), Religion and the Making of Modern East Asia (2012), and most recently, Empire and the Meaning of Religion in Northeast Asia, Manchuria 19001945 (2017), as well as about two dozen scholarly articles on the legal, commercial, and religious history of Northeast Asia. His popular and scholarly work has been published in Arabic, Chinese, and Russian translation. His current project on Chinas animal industries is conducted in conjunction with scholars at Hulunbuir University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong

Jack Faireys research work deals primarily with the history of the Mediterranean and Eastern Orthodox Christendom, with a particular interest in empires, religion, and diplomacy. He was Ted & Elaine Athanassiades Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the Program in Hellenic Studies at Princeton in 20052006, and has previously taught European, Ottoman, and Mediterranean history at the National University of Singapore, and before that at Queens University and York University in Canada. He is coeditor of Volume One of