INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN AFRICA
INITIATIVE FOR POLICY DIALOGUE AT COLUMBIA
INITIATIVE FOR POLICY DIALOGUE AT COLUMBIA
JOS ANTONIO OCAMPO AND JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ, SERIES EDITORS
Escaping the Resource Curse, Macartan Humphreys, Jeffrey D. Sachs, and Joseph E. Stiglitz, eds.
The Right to Know, Ann Florini, ed.
Privatization: Successes and Failures, Grard Roland, ed.
Growth and Policy in Developing Countries: A Structuralist Approach, Jos Antonio Ocampo, Codrina Rada, and Lance Taylor
Taxation in Developing Countries, Roger Gordon, ed.
Reforming the International Financial System for Development, Jomo Kwame Sundaram, ed.
Development Cooperation in Times of Crisis, Jos Antonio Ocampo and Jos Antonio Alonso
New Perspectives on International Migration and Development, Jeronimo Cortina and Enrique Ochoa-Reza, eds.
INDUSTRIAL POLICY AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN AFRICA
EDITED BY
Akbar Noman and Joseph E. Stiglitz
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS
NEW YORK
Columbia University Press
Publishers Since 1893
New York Chichester, West Sussex
cup.columbia.edu
Copyright 2015 Columbia University Press
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
E-ISBN 978-0-231-54077-3
Industrial policy and economic transformation in Africa / edited by Akbar Noman and Joseph E. Stiglitz.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-231-17518-0 (cloth: alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-231-54077-3 (ebook)
1. Industrial policyAfrica. 2. Industrial promotionAfrica. 3. AfricaEconomic policy. 4. Economic developmentAfrica. 5. LearningEconomic aspectsAfrica. I. Noman, Akbar, editor of compilation, writer of introduction. II. Stiglitz, Joseph E., editor of compilation, writer of introduction.
HD3616.A3513153 2015
338.96dc23
2015005507
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INITIATIVE FOR POLICY DIALOGUE AT COLUMBIA
JOS ANTONIO OCAMPO AND JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ, SERIES EDITORS
The Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD) at Columbia University brings together academics, policymakers, and practitioners from developed and developing countries to address the most pressing issues in economic policy today. IPD is an important part of Columbias broad program on development and globalization. The Initiative for Policy Dialogue at Columbia: Challenges in Development and Globalization book series presents the latest academic thinking on a wide range of development topics and lays out alternative policy options and trade-offs. Written in a language accessible to policymakers and students alike, this series is unique in that it both shapes the academic research agenda and furthers the economic policy debate, facilitating a more democratic discussion of development policies.
The revival of economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa in the twentyfirst century is all the more welcome for having followed one of the worst economic disasters since the Industrial Revolution. During Africas lost quarter century, per capita income, which had starting falling towards the end of the 1970s, did not recover to its previous peak level until after the turn of the century. In an impressive turnaround from what was arguably the longest and deepest economic decline anywhere, six of the worlds fastest-growing economies in the first decade or so of the 2000s were African. But with the exception of Ethiopia and Rwanda they were the beneficiaries of discoveries and rising prices of oil.
Some of the causes of the revival of growth in the region are controversial and examined in the opening chapter. That it has been heavily dependent on the commodity boom, though, is incontrovertible. Africas deindustrialization is yet to be reversed. As a leading African think-tank, AC ET, says: To ensure that growth is sustainable and continues to improve the lives of the many, countries now need to vigorously promote economic transformation. How to go about doing so is the main theme of this volume. We focus, in particular, on the vital role that industrial policies can play. We use the term industrial policy in a broad sense: it is not confined to industry but refers also to policies aimed at other sectors, notably modern services like finance or information technology as well as agriculture. These are more accurately described as learning, industrial, and technology policies.
The essays in this volume mainly focus on successes with such policies in Africa or of relevance to Africa elsewhere. Like most policies these carry both risks and rewards. We draw lessons for getting the risk-reward ratio right in the pursuit of sustaining, accelerating, and improving the quality of economic performance in Africa, south of the Sahara. Much of it is also of general relevance to countries elsewhere, especially the low-income ones.
For more information about IPD and its upcoming books, visit www.policydialogue.org.
CONTENTS
ACET | African Center for Economic Transformation |
AfDB | African Development Bank |
AGF | African Guarantee Fund |
APSTCH | Chilean Association of Salmon and Trout Producers (today SalmnChile) |
ASEAN | Association of South East Asian Nations |
BIS | Bank for International Settlements |
BITs | Bilateral Investment Treaties |
BNDES | Brazilian Development Bank |
BOI | Board of Investment |
BOP | Balance of Payments |
CD | Capacity Development |
CKD | Completely Knock Down |
CPIA | Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (of the World Bank) |
CSA | Central Statistical Agency |
DBE | Development Bank of Ethiopia |
DFI | Development Finance Institution |
DNTTAH | Do Not Try This At Home |
DRC | Democratic Republic of the Congo |
EAL | Ethiopian Airlines |
ECBP | Engineering Capacity Building Program |
EDB | Economic Development Board |
EHDA | Ethiopian Horticulture Development Agency |
EHPEA | Ethiopian Horticulture Producers and Exporters Association |