Tonio Andrade - Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai

Perspectives on the Global Past

Jerry H. Bentley and Anand A. Yang

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Sea Rovers, Silver, and Samurai

Maritime East Asia in Global History, 15501700

Edited by Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang

University of Hawaii Press

Honolulu

University of Hawaii Press

www.uhpress.hawaii.edu

2016 University of Hawaii Press

All rights reserved

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Andrade, Tonio, editor. | Hang, Xing, editor.

Title: Sea rovers, silver, and samurai : maritime East Asia in global history, 1550-1700 / edited by Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang.

Other titles: Perspectives on the global past.

Description: Honolulu : University of Hawai`i Press, 2016. | Series: Perspectives on the global past | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2015038338 | ISBN 9780824852764 hardcover : alk. paper

Subjects: LCSH: Merchant marineEast AsiaHistory. | NavigationEast AsiaHistory. | PiracyEast AsiaHistory. | East AsiaHistory16th century. | East AsiaHistory17th century.

Classification: LCC DS511 .S42 2016 | DDC 387.5095/09032dc23

LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015038338

ISBN for this edition:

978-0-8248-5278-8 (EPUB)

978-0-8248-5279-5 (Kindle)

Also available:

ISBN: 978-0-8248-5279-5 (Kindle)

ISBN: 978-0-8248-5278-8 (EPUB)

ISBN: 978-0-8248-5277-1 (PDF)

ISBN: 978-0-8248-5276-4 (Cloth)

For further information, please visit:

www.uhpress.hawaii.edu

Contents

Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang

Michael Laver

Peter D. Shapinsky

Birgit Tremml-Werner

Robert Batchelor

John E. Wills Jr.

Cheng-heng Lu

Patrizia Carioti

Adam Clulow

Anna Busquets

Leonard Bluss

Xing Hang

Dahpon David Ho

Weichung Cheng

Robert J. Antony

Peter Kang

Mark Ravina

Acknowledgments

Many people and organizations helped to create this book, which began as a conference held at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, on October 2729, 2011. The American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) and the Chiang Ching Kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange, which jointly administer the program for Comparative Perspectives on Chinese Culture and Society, generously provided the seed funding for the conference. Special thanks go to Kelly Buttermore of the ACLS, who proved so helpful in administering the program and answering our many questions.

Emory University also contributed generous support for the conference, most notably the Office of the Provost, the Lainey Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the East Asian Studies Program, the Department of History, the Institute for Developing Nations, and, most importantly, the Halle Institute for Global Learning, whose wonderful and efficient staff ensured that everything went off without a hitch. Holli Semetko, who directed the Halle Institute, was energetic and efficient and full of good advice. Evan Goldberg, the Halles main organizer, did an amazing job, and the participants even treated him to a spontaneous round of For Hes a Jolly Good Fellow at the farewell dinner, which he endured with blushing good humor.

Other people at Emory who deserve a shout-out include Cheryl Crowley, who provided support as director of the East Asian Studies Program; Allison Rollins of the history department, who handled the finances with aplomb and good cheer; and colleagues in the Emory history department and the Emory East Asian Studies Program, who advised and assisted, in particular Jeff Lesser and Mark Ravina. History doctoral candidate Ashleigh Dean also provided useful logistical support and advice. Beyond Emory, other colleagues provided support, such as Lu Hanchao of the Georgia Institute of Technology and Ghulam A. Nadri of Georgia State University, who acted as discussants.

In addition, we wish to thank the Taiwan Economic and Cultural Office of Atlanta, particularly Director Anna Kao and Information Division Director Yi-hung Tseng, who also provided funding and helped publicize the conference nationally and internationally. Appreciation is greatly owed to the staff of the China Maritime Museum for introducing the conference participants to their new institution in Shanghai, which promises to become a lively future platform for academic exchange between scholars and archival resources in mainland China and the rest of the world. Zheng Wanqing, an illustrious descendant of Zheng Chenggong now residing in Hangzhou, came all the way to honor us with his presence at the conference.

Special thanks goes to Zhuoxin Miao, a student at Brandeis University, who translated some of the original conference papers from Chinese to English. Max Iascone and Steven Pieragastini, also of Brandeis, undertook several rounds of meticulous proofreading and editing.

We also wish to thank the participants and authors themselves for writing such interesting and innovative material. Edited volumes can be difficult for editors, but our authors provided material of such high quality (and such cohesion) that it greatly facilitated our work, and, for the most part, they did it all on deadlinea minor miracle.

Finally, we wish to thank University of Hawaii Press, in particular Masako Ikeda, Pamela Kelly, and Debra Tang, as well as the anonymous reviewers whose comments proved so helpful in revising the manuscript.

I NTRODUCTION

The East Asian Maritime Realm in Global History, 15001700

Tonio Andrade and Xing Hang

Maritime East Asia is a contentious place. Traversed by some of the worlds busiest shipping lanes and endowed with rich fisheries and huge deposits of oil, it is a confusing morass of contested sovereignties and geopolitical rivalries. Few maritime regions today are subject to such dissonant and dangerous claims and counterclaims, with Filipino, Japanese, Chinese, Taiwanese, Vietnamese, Malaysian, and Bruneian pirates, statesmen, soldiers, and civilians disputing isolatedand often uninhabitedatolls. An East Asian war is more likely to erupt over the Diaoyu or Spratly Islands than over any land borders.

This unsettled situation is a legacy of the peculiar history of East Asias maritime realm. Stretching from the Strait of Malacca to the Sea of Japan and centered upon the East and South China Seas, the seaways of East Asia have been a core region of international trade for centuries. However, during the period from 1500 to 1700, the velocity and scale of that commerce increased dramatically. The lucrative export of massive quantities of silver from Japan for Chinese silk and Southeast Asian tropical goods wove the region together into a coherent zone of exchange. Besides the Chinese junks, the Japanese red-seal ( shuin ) vessels, and the Southeast Asian jongs that became a staple of its ports and sea lanes, Indian dhows, Spanish galleons, and Dutch and English men-of-war increasingly connected maritime East Asia to a thriving global economic system that also comprised the Indian Ocean, Europe, and the Americas.