Crimes and other gross and large scale human rights violations committed during the reign of totalitarian regimes in Europe: cross-national survey of crimes committed and of their remembrance, recognition, redress, and reconciliation
Reports and proceedings of the 8 April European public hearing onCrimes committed by totalitarian regimes, organised by the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union (JanuaryJune 2008) and the European Commission
Edited by
Peter Jambrek
Published by
Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union
CIP - Kataloni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjinica, Ljubljana
321.64:343.3(082)
EUROPEAN Public Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes (2008 ; Bruxelles) Crimes committed by totalitarian regimes : reports and proceedings of the 8 April European Public Hearing on Crimes Committed by Totalitarian Regimes / [editor Peter Jambrek ; translations The Secretariat-General of the Government of the Republic of Slovenia, Translation and Interpretation Division]. - Ljubljana : Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union, 2008
ISBN 978-961-238-977-2
1. Gl. stv. nasl. 2. Jambrek, Peter 241500672
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
Lovro turm, Slovenian Minister of Justice ...........................................................................................................
INTRODUCTION
Jacques Barrot, Vice-President of the European Commission for Justice, Freedom and Security ..................... 9
I. HISTORY, CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF TOTALITARIAN REGIMES ...... 11
Ronaldas Racinskas
Historical justice for Europe: why, when and how? ............................................................................................... 13
Tunne Kelam
Suggestions on assessment of totalitarian communism ......................................................................................... 21
Jera Voduek Stari
The making of the communist regime in Slovenia and Yugoslavia ....................................................................... 25
Damjan Hani and Renato Podbersi
Totalitarian regimes in Slovenia in the 20 th century ............................................................................................... 39
Mateja oh
Characteristics of the judicial system in Slovenia between 1945 and 1951 ........................................................... 61
Tamara Griesser Pear
The Roman Catholic Church in Slovenia under three totalitarian regimes ..............................................................71
Dainius alimas
The need for equal treatment of Nazi and Soviet crimes ....................................................................................... 81
Vytautas Landsbergis
Hypocrisy of discrimination among victims of totalitarian crimes ....................................................................... 85
II. TOTALITARIAN CRIMES: CROSS-NATIONAL SURVEY ............................................................... 87
Heinrihs Strods
Crimes committed in Latvia by the occupation regimes of the USSR and Germany (194090) .......................... 89
Jaan Tamm and Helle Solnask
P olitical repression in the 1940s and 1950s in Estonia ......................................................................................... 97
Dalia Kuodyte
Lithuanian victims of communist occupation ........................................................................................................ 99
Maciej Korku
Poland the victim of two totalitarian regimes ....................................................................................................... 101
Marius Oprea
The Securitate legacy terror in Romania .............................................................................................................. 105
Tams Stark
A topic doomed to oblivion: foreign prisoners in Soviet custody with special regard to the fate of Hungarian civilian internees ..................................................................................................................................................... 111
Boris Mlakar
Repression over the Slovenian people by the German Nazism ............................................................................. 117
Gorazd Bajc
Crimes committed by the Fascist regime in the Slovene territory ........................................................................ 125
Ljubo Sirc
Totalitarian features of the judiciary in the Republic of Slovenia (194590) ........................................................ 135
Milko Mikola
Communist concentration camps and labour camps in Slovenia ............................................................................ 145
Mitja Ferenc
Secret World War Two mass graves in Slovenia .................................................................................................... 155
Milko Mikola
Communist repression of interior enemies in Slovenia ...................................................................................... 161
III. TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: PROSECUTION AND REDRESS OF INJUSTICE ............................. 173
Lauri Mlksoo
Reparation and reconciliation in international law: the view of an Estonian lawyer ............................................ 175
Dariusz Gabriel
Prosecution of Nazi and Communist crimes in Poland .......................................................................................... 177
Ekaterina Salkova
On rehabilitation and remedy measures in Bulgaria for persons repressed from 1944 through 1989 ................... 185
Carlos Closa
Transitional justice in Spain ................................................................................................................................... 191
Joe Deman
Communist repression and transitional justice in Slovenia ................................................................................... 197
Pavel Jamnik
Post-World War Two crimes on the territory of Slovenia: police investigation and proof regarding criminal offences that do not fall under the statute of limitations ....................................................................................................... 207
Marius Oprea
About ideologies, institutions and death ................................................................................................................ 215
IV. REMEMBRANCE, RECOGNITION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS OF TOTALITARIAN HISTORY .............................................................................................................................................................. 217