Ezgi Başaran - Frontline Turkey: The Conflict at the Heart of the Middle East
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- Book:Frontline Turkey: The Conflict at the Heart of the Middle East
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Frontline Turkey: The Conflict at the Heart of the Middle East: summary, description and annotation
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Turkey is on the front line of the war which is consuming Syria and the Middle East. Its role is complicated by the long-running conflict with the Kurds on the Syrian border - a war that has killed as many as 80,000 people over the last three decades.
In 2011 President Erdogan promised to make a deal with the PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party), but the talks marked a descent into assassinations, suicide bombings and the killing of civilians on both sides. The Kurdish peace process finally collapsed in 2014 with the spillover of the Syrian civil war. With ISIS moving through northern Iraq, Turkey has declared war on Western allies such as the Kurdish YPG (Peoples Protection Unit) - the military who rescued the Yezidis and fought with US backing in Kobane.
Frontline Turkey shows how the Kurds relationship with Turkey is at the very heart of the Middle Eastern crisis, and documents, through front-line reporting, how Erdogans failure to bring peace is the key to understanding current events in Middle East.
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Ezgi Baaran is a Turkish journalist who made her name covering the Kurdish conflict reporting on the ground in the fight between ISIS, the YPG (Peoples Protection Unit), the PKK (Kurdistan Workers Party) and the Turkish state. After accepting an offer to write a daily column on Turkish foreign affairs, she became the youngest ever editor of Radikal, the biggest centre-left news outlet in Turkey, and the first woman to hold the role. After facing government censorship when covering the breakdown of the Kurdish talks, she resigned and Radikal was shut down an event which made headlines worldwide. Baaran is now coordinator of the Programme on Contemporary Turkey at the South East European Centre (SEESOX) at St Antonys College, Oxford University, where she explores the bridge between journalism and academia. In 2017 she was awarded a prestigious Dulverton Scholarship for her upcoming MPhil in Modern Middle Eastern Studies at Oxford University. She has written on Turkish domestic politics and her comments have appeared in major international media, including the BBC, the Financial Times , The Economist , the Wall Street Journal and the Washington Post . Her book Bar Bir Varm, Bir Yokmu ( Once upon a Time Peace ) was published by Doan Kitap in 2015.
Baaran writes that the new Turkey under Erdogans Justice and Development Party (AKP) is rushing headlong towards an authoritarian regime and a new, darker Middle East after the hope of the Arab Uprisings. The solution to what is happening in the Middle East is directly related to Turkeys 40-year-old Kurdish problem and how the Turkish government chooses to deal with it.
Baarans survey of Kurdish history is both familiar and instructive It is a fascinating, frightening story, journalism bringing all the connections together Now the TurkishKurdish war goes on, Glen is ready for his extradition and ISIS appears to be free to stage its suicide attacks in Turkey Watch this space. And read this book.
Robert Fisk, Independent
Published in 2017 by
I.B.Tauris & Co. Ltd
London New York
www.ibtauris.com
Copyright 2017 Ezgi Baaran
The right of Ezgi Baaran to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
All translations from Turkish are the authors own, unless indicated otherwise.
References to websites were correct at the time of writing.
ISBN: 978 1 78453 841 5
eISBN: 978 1 78672 280 5
ePDF: 978 1 78673 280 4
A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
A full CIP record is available from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: available
Text design, typesetting and eBook by Tetragon, London
For Memo and Deniz
I came to Oxford with a broken wing. However, sometimes the best opportunities arise from unfortunate and unexpected developments. At Oxford University, I have benefited tremendously from being among distinguished scholars from all around the world. I would like to thank each and every one of those at St Antonys College who made me feel at home at a time when I felt like I had none. I will never forget the friendship and support that Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Nicoladis, Timothy Garton Ash and Eugene Rogan have lent me. I would also like to thank all those kind people at the European Studies Centre at St Antonys College, who have become my family over time.
A very special thanks to Ingrid Cranfield, Sarah Terry and Apostolos Doxiadis for their help in getting my ideas down as precisely as possible on paper. I also would like to thank my editor at I.B.Tauris, Tomasz Hoskins, who was one of the first people to see the idea behind this book.
Thanks to my mother Yelda Baaran and my in-laws Grsu and Hulusi Karl for always being there to lean on.
And last but not least, thanks to the two incredible men who own my heart forever: my husband Mehmet Karl and my son Deniz Karl.
You are my mind and soul. This book is dedicated to you, as always.
Abdullah calan (Apo): Leader and founder of the PKK and the KCK. Imprisoned for life on mral Island, Turkey, where he has been held since 1999.
Cemil Bayk : Co-chair of the KCK, along with Bes Hozat.
HDP (Halklarn Demokratik Partisi) : The Peoples Democratic Party, the main Kurdish political party in Turkey.
mral Delegation : A group which consisted of HDP MPs Srr Sreyya nder, Pervin Buldan and dris Baluken, who shuttled between mral prison, Ankara and Qandil Mountain during the peace process.
KCK (Koma Civakn Krdistan) : The Kurdistan Communities Union, an umbrella organization of Kurdish entities, including the PKK and the PYD.
KRG : Kurdish Regional Government (Iraq).
MIT (Mill stihbarat Tekilat) : National Intelligence Organization.
Murat Karaylan : Former chair of the KCK and acting chief of the HPG (Peoples Defence Force), the paramilitary branch of the PKK.
PJAK (Partiya Jiyana Azad a Kurdistan) : Kurdistan Free Life Party (Iran and northern Iraq).
PKK (Partiya Karkern Kurdistan) : The Kurdistan Workers Party, founded by Abdullah calan. It has been waging an armed struggle against the Turkish state since 1984.
PUK : Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (northern Iraq).
PYD (Partiya Yektiya Demokrat) : The Democratic Union Party, established in 1993 in Syria by Kurdish activists and influenced by Abdullah calan and the PKK.
Qandil Mountain : Headquarters of the PKK in northern Iraq.
Salih Muslim : Co-chair of the PYD, along with Asya Abdullah.
YDG-H (Yurtsever Devrimci Genlik HareketI) : The Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement, the youth wing of the PKK, which has been actively initiating urban warfare in the Kurdish region of Turkey since the end of 2014.
YPG (Yekneyn Parastina Gel) : Peoples Protection Unit, the armed militia of the PYD in Syria.
Three years ago, if I had been asked to choose three words that defined me, I would unhesitatingly have said woman , journalist , Istanbulite in that order.
Now, I find myself struggling with two of these three descriptions, although they have been part of me since the year I began studying journalism at university. I still proudly call myself a journalist and an Istanbulite, but now I find myself in a strange position: these words are rapidly becoming old labels rather than having a tangible meaning.
I never thought of taking a break from journalism, nor did I want to. For that matter, I never wanted to leave Istanbul, the city I passionately love.
When the liberal-left newspaper Radikal , of which I was editor-in-chief, was shut down in March 2016 in a government crackdown, pursuing a decent journalistic career in Turkey became not only impossible but also very dangerous. Having already been offered police protection at the beginning of that year, I knew I was on the brink of a forced break from the newsroom. It was at this time that I came to St Antonys College at Oxford University as an academic visitor. Since then, I have immersed myself in the world of academia with the curiosity and inquisitiveness of journalism, while also attempting to build a much-needed bridge between these two crucial pillars of intellectual activity. At Oxford, I have benefited tremendously from being among distinguished scholars from all around the world. This book relies on my interviews, reports and fieldwork of the last seven years and was written during my time at Oxford, where I had to watch in great sorrow as some of my close colleagues lost their jobs, had to leave the country for their own safety and that of their loved ones or ended up in jail on incomprehensible charges.
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