James Bidlack - ISE Sterns Introductory Plant Biology

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Sterns Introductory

Fifteenth Edition

James E. Bidlack

University of Central Oklahoma

Shelley H. Jansky

University of Wisconsin Madison

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STERNS INTRODUCTORY PLANT BIOLOGY

Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright 2021 by McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.

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ISBN 978-1-260-57104-2 MHID 1-260-57104-1

Cover Image: Bruce Fritz, USDA-ARS

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Introductory Plant Biology was originally written by Kingsley R. Stern (19272006), who spent more than 40 years as a devoted botanist and teacher. It is estimated that Dr. Stern educated 15,000 students through classroom/laboratory teaching and inspired thousands of botanists as the author of this book, which has sold more than 285,000 copies since the first edition was published in 1979. Kingsleys enthusiasm for the botanical world captivated those around him for many decades. He will long be remembered for his attention to detail and dedication to high standards, along with a refreshing sense of humor. It was always Kingsleys aspiration that those who read Sterns Introductory Plant Biology will share his lifelong love of botany.

Jim Bidlack, Kingsley Stern, and Shelley Jansky at Kingsleys office residence in Paradise, California.

Jan Monelo

In late 1999 and early 2000, Drs. Jim Bidlack and Shelley Jansky joined Kingsley Stern in editing and updating this textbook. They worked with him on several editions and have since carried Dr. Sterns legacy forward to educate and inspire young botanists. This fifteenth edition reflects the same accuracy, content, and enthusiasm of the Stern writing style, along with revisions and updates to make it an up-to-date and enjoyable resource and textbook for plant biology.

Jim Bidlack received a bachelor of science degree in agronomy, with a soil and crop option, from Purdue University in 1984 and continued his education with a masters degree in crop physiology at the University of Arkansas in 1986. Upon completing a Ph.D. in plant physiology at Iowa State University in 1990, Jim joined the teaching faculty at the University of Central Oklahoma (UCO) where he is a professor of biology. His first paper was published from undergraduate research at Purdue University on the use of synthetic growth regulators to stimulate seed germination. Subsequent work in Arkansas, Iowa, and Oklahoma focused on soybean physiology, cell wall chemistry, alternative crops, and photovoltaic cells, as well as teaching responsibilities in botany. Equipment and student salaries for Jims research projects have been funded by grants from the National Science Foundation and the United States Department of Agriculture. About 25 refereed publications, as well as hundreds of abstracts and popular articles, have resulted from this work. Jim has been recognized with UCOs Presidential Partners Excellence in Teaching Award; University Merit Awards in Service, Research, and Teaching; the Biology Club Teaching Award; and the Pre-Med Teaching Award. Some of Jims additional responsibilities have included participation on NSF and USDA review panels, editor of the Biology Discipline for the Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT), vice president of The Genome Registry, and president of Metabolism Foundation.

Shelley Jansky received a bachelors degree in biology from the University of WisconsinStevens Point in 1982, and a master of science degree and Ph.D. in plant breeding and plant genetics from the University of WisconsinMadison in 1984 and 1986, respectively. Her graduate work focused on developing methods to incorporate genes from wild relatives of potato into the cultivated potato. Then, she spent four years as an assistant professor at North Dakota State University, teaching courses in plant breeding and plant propagation, and performing research in the potato breeding program. She taught courses in botany, genetics, and horticulture, and continued to perform potato genetics research at the University of WisconsinStevens Point from 1990 until 2004. She was the chair of the Department of Biology and was promoted to associate professor in 1992 and professor in 1995. In 2004, she moved to Madison, where she is a research geneticist with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and a professor in the Department of Horticulture at the University of WisconsinMadison. Her research program focuses on using disease resistance and nutritional quality genes from wild relatives for the improvement of cultivated potato varieties. She received the University of WisconsinStevens Point Excellence in Teaching Award in 1992 and the University Scholar Award in 2000. She has published 112 refereed research articles and 11 book chapters.

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Plants and algae are essential for life on earth as it exists today. They provide our world with oxygen and food, make an essential contribution to water and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, provide clothing and shelter, and add beauty to our environment. Some scientists believe that if photosynthetic organisms exist on planets beyond our solar system, it would be possible to sustain other forms of life that depend upon them to survive.

Botany today plays a special role in many interests of both major and nonmajor students. For example, in this text, topics such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, genetic engineering, organic gardening, Native American and pioneer uses of plants, pollution and recycling, houseplants, backyard vegetable gardening, natural dye plants, poisonous and hallucinogenic plants, nutritional values of edible plants, and many other topics are discussed. To intelligently pursue such topics, one needs to understand how plants grow and function. To this end, the text assumes little prior knowledge of the sciences on the part of the student, but covers basic botany, without excessively resorting to technical terms. The coverage, however, includes sufficient depth to prepare students to go further in the field, should they choose to do so.