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Lt. Col. (Ret.) Michael Lee Lanning - African Americans In The Revolutionary War

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Lt. Col. (Ret.) Michael Lee Lanning African Americans In The Revolutionary War

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A thorough, long-overdue study of Black Americans contributions during the War of Independence. . . . An important piece of American and African American history. Kirkus Reviews In this enlightening and informative work, military historian Lt. Col. Michael Lee Lanning (ret.) reveals the little-known, critical, and heroic role African Americans played in the American Revolution, serving in integrated unitsa situation that would not exist again until the Korean Warmore than 150 years later . . . At first, neither George Washington nor the Continental Congress approved of enlisting African Americans in the new army. Nevertheless, Black menboth slave and freefilled the ranks and served in all of the early battles. Black sailors also saw action in every major naval battle of the Revolution, including members of John Paul Joness crew aboard the Bonhomme Richard. At least thirteen Black Americans served in the newly formed U.S. Marine Corps during the war. Bravery among African Americans was commonplace, as recognized by their commanders and state governments, and their bravery is recorded here in the stories of citizen Crispus Attucks at the Boston Massacre; militiaman Price Esterbrook at Lexington Green; soldier Salem Poor at Bunker Hill; and marine John Martin aboard the brig Reprisal. As interest in colonial history enjoys renewed popularity due to works like Hamilton, and the issues of prejudice and discrimination remain at the forefront of our times, African Americans in the Revolutionary War offers an invaluable perspective on a crucial topic that touches the lives of Americans of every color and background.

Lt. Col. (Ret.) Michael Lee Lanning: author's other books


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Table of Contents Appendix A Important Dates in African American - photo 1
Table of Contents

Appendix A
Important Dates in African American Participation in the Revolutionary War
1619
AugustEnglish colonists purchase first slaves in North America at Jamestown.
1638
December 12Ship Desire delivers first slaves to New England in Boston.
1639
January 16Virginia General Assembly bars arming of slaves.
1640
July 9Virginia colonial court rules on differences between white and Black indentured servants.
1688
February 18Society of Friends in Pennsylvania publish the Germantown Protest.
1712
April 7Slave revolt in New York City
1739
September 9Slave revolt in South Carolina
1741
February 28Slave revolt in New York City
1770
March 5Boston Massacre
June 28Quaker Anthony Benezet opens first nonsegregated school in Philadelphia.
1772
June 22Mansfield Decision abolishes slavery in England.
1773
December 16Boston Tea Party
1774
September 5First Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia.
October 2Continental Congress votes to discontinue slave trade after December 1.
November 2Slave revolt in St. Andrews Parish, Georgia.
1775
March 8Thomas Paine publishes African Slavery in America.
April 14First American Abolition Society elects officers.
April 18Paul Revere and William Dawes set off on their midnight ride.
April 19Battles of Lexington and Concord.
May 1Americans capture Fort Ticonderoga.
May 10Second Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia.
June 15Second Continental Congress appoints George Washington commander in chief of the army.
June 17Battle of Bunker Hill.
July 3Prince Hall establishes the first Black Mason Lodge in Boston.
July 9Continental army orders recruiters not to enlist any stroller negro, or vagabond.
October 13Congress authorizes the formation of the Continental navy.
November 7The earl of Dunmore issues proclamation offering freedom to slaves who desert their rebel owners to join the British.
November 10Continental Marines founded. South Carolina legislature authorizes the hiring of slaves to build fortifications, with wages going to their owners.
December 9Battle of Great Bridge, Virginia.
December 14Congress forms Marine Committee to govern the navy.
December30General Washington reverses the Continental army policy barring enlistment of free Black men.
1776
March 17British evacuate Boston and sail to Nova Scotia.
July 4Declaration of Independence.
August 6Lord Dunmore ends his efforts to retake Virginia for the Crown and sails to England.
August 27Battle of Long Island, New York.
September 5Continental Congress adopts first uniforms for the navy and marines.
September 12Americans evacuate New York City.
September 16Battle of Harlem Heights, New York.
October 28Battle of White Plains, New York.
December 2526Washington crosses Delaware River and surprises Hessians at Trenton.
1777
January 2Battle of Princeton, New Jersey.
February 6Treaties of commerce and alliance signed between the United States and France.
June 14Congress adopts U. S. flag.
July 2Vermont, a part of New York, abolishes slavery within its borders.
August 16Battle of Bennington, Vermont.
September 11Battle of Brandywine Creek, Pennsylvania.
October 4British occupy Philadelphia.
October 17Battle of Saratoga, New York.
November 15Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confedera-tion.
1778
February 14Rhode Island passes a slave-enlistment act.
June 17France officially enters the war against Great Britain.
June 18British evacuate Philadelphia.
June 28Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey.
July 29French fleet joins rebels off Newport, Rhode Island.
August 11Battle of Rhode Island.
August 24Adjutant general report shows 755 Black men in Continental army.
December 29British capture Savannah, Georgia.
1779
January 29British occupy Augusta, Georgia.
February 16Battle of Kettle Creek, Georgia.
March 14Alexander Hamilton urges Congress to allow slaves to enlist.
March 16Henry Laurens writes Washington supporting slave enlistments.
March 29Congress encourages South Carolina and Georgia to enlist slaves.
May26South Carolina rejects congressional recommendation to enlist Black men.
June 21Spain declares war against Great Britain.
June 30British general Henry Clinton proclaims freedom for slaves belonging to rebels who escape to his lines.
July 1516Battle of Stony Point, New York
September 23John Paul Jones and his Bon Homme Richard defeat the British Serapis.
October 9American-French force unsuccessfully attacks Savannah.
1780
May 12British capture Charleston, South Carolina.
August 16Battle of Camden, South Carolina.
October 7Battle of Kings Mountain, South Carolina.
1781
January 17Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina.
March 15Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina.
May 4Black Rhode Island Regiment suffers heavy casualties at Point Bridge, New York.
October 6American-French force begins siege of Yorktown, Virginia.
October 19British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia.
1782
July 21British evacuate Savannah, Georgia.
November 30Rebel Americans and British sign Provisional Peace Agreement.
December 14British evacuate Charleston, South Carolina.
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