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OXFORD QUICK REFERENCE
A Dictionary of
World History
Edmund Wright graduated from Oxford University in 1985 with a doctorate in history and entered publishing as a reference-book editor. Since 2004 he has been a self-employed contractor. Work has included updating the content of OUPs Dictionary of World History (2nd edition 2006 and 3rd edition 2014 ) and Dictionary of Computing (6th edition 2008 ); proofreading work on the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th edition 2007 ) and the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary ( 2009 ).
Many entries in this dictionary have recommended web links. In addition to their listing at relevant entries, a complete list of links for this title can be found at www.oxfordreference.com/page/worldhist
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Oxford University Press 2000 , 2001 , 2006 , 2015
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First edition 2000
Reprinted with corrections 2001
Second edition 2006
Third edition 2015
Impression: 4
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2014954275
ISBN 9780199685691
ebook ISBN 9780191044786
Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
A Dictionary of World History is an alphabetical dictionary in the Oxford Quick Reference series. The book is derived ultimately from the two volumes devoted to the history of the world in the Oxford Illustrated Encyclopedia. From this base, the editors of Market House Books Ltd. produced a new history text, making use of their adaptations of this material for the Encyclopedia of World History and the history entries in the Oxford Paperback Encyclopedia. The entry for each country includes statistical information to supplement descriptions of the countrys location, economy, and history.
For this new edition, entries on contemporary subjects, including the biographies of living people as well as countries and conflicts, have been considerably updated. In addition, a number of entirely new entries have been added on events of recent history.
The dictionary is illustrated by spot maps of all the countries and some 25 historical maps. There is also a network of cross-references between related entries. Small capital letters or asterisks are used to indicate cross-references to other articles.
E.W. 2014
Editor
Edmund Wright
Market House Editors
Anne Kerr
Jonathan Law
Maps
Margaret Tuthill
Linda Wells
Maps on pages 7, 16, 298, 313, 621, and 689 prepared using maps in minutes rh publications (1997).
(or Abbas the Great ) ( 15571628 ) Shah of Persia ( 15881628 ). He ended an inherited war with the Ottomans by conceding territory ( 1590 ) in order to free himself to drive the Uzbek Turks from northeastern Persia ( 1598 ). By 1618 he had strengthened his army by curbing the Turcoman chiefs who supplied his recruits, and by using foreign advisers, and had reconquered the lands ceded to the Ottomans, but he died before the end of a further war over Mesopotamia ( 162329 ).
A dynasty of caliphs ruling in Baghdad from 750 to 1258 , claiming descent from Abbas, uncle of the prophet Muhammad. Some were outstanding patrons of culture, such as Mamun (81333). The dynasty ended with the fall of Baghdad to the Mongols in 1258 .
, but resigned the following year due to ill health.
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( 18811963 ) Moroccan Berber resistance leader . In 1921 he roused the Rif Berbers, and defeated a Spanish army of 20,000. He held out until 1925 , when a joint FrancoSpanish force took him prisoner. He was exiled to Runion until 1947 , when he was given permission to go to France. On the way he escaped to Cairo, where he set up the Maghrib Bureau, or Liberation Committee of the Arab West. After Moroccan independence (1956), he refused to return as long as French troops remained on African soil.
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by his second wife, Abdullah was named as heir in place of his uncle (Prince Hassan) in the last days of his fathers life. He continued his fathers policies, including cautious engagement with Israel.
(known as the Lion of Kashmir) ( 190582 ) Kashmiri Muslim leader . In the 1930s he actively opposed the rule of the Hindu maharajah of Kashmir. After accepting Indian sovereignty (1947), he eventually won for Kashmir a form of autonomy within India, although he was imprisoned for much of the time between 1953 and 1968 on suspicion of seeking its full independence.
( 1924 ) King of Saudi Arabia (200515). As crown prince (19822005) during the reign of his brother Fahd, he was effectively ruler of Saudi Arabia following Fahds stroke in 1995 . His rule saw cautious social and economic liberalization coupled with stringent internal security measures to combat terrorism.
( 18821951 ) King of Jordan (194651). He served as emir of Transjordan (192146), becoming Jordans first king on independence in 1946 . He was assassinated.
( 190390 ) Malayan statesman, Prime Minister of Malaya (195763) and of Malaysia (196370). A skilled negotiator, he secured Malayan independence from Britain ( 1957 ) and was one of the architects of modern Malaysia (1963).