Frank Fitzpatrick - Understanding Intercultural Interaction : an Analysis of Key Concepts

The terms intercultural and cross-cultural are both used in the concepts in this book, but they are treated differently. Cross-cultural refers to comparative studies of behaviour across different cultural settings, whereas intercultural refers to interaction between people from different cultural backgrounds within a particular context. For example, a cross-cultural analysis of how meetings are conducted might identify different forms of address, levels of formality or status, the use of non-verbal cues and so on, in different cultural contexts. However, an intercultural analysis would focus on how individuals from different backgrounds actually behave and interact with each other when they meet and would analyse the outcomes of intercultural contact. In this sense, both levels of scrutiny have relevance depending on the focus of analysis.

The focus of this book is both intercultural and cross-cultural in that, on the one hand, it refers to contexts where individuals and groups from a variety of cultural backgrounds and perspectives interact and navigate interculturality. This would include international business contexts, situations of migration or international study and so on, where there are perceived to be cultural differences in the way that people live, study or do business. However, there is also a cross-cultural focus in some of the concepts as they refer to the processes involved in moving from one context to another or preparing for this move, such as in cross-cultural adjustment or cross-cultural training. These concepts also create a link with issues in cross-cultural management, which has been prolific in generating an enormous volume of research, theory and practice for international business situations, much of which is explained and critiqued in this book.

The approach adopted in this book, then, draws upon concepts and theories across the spectrum and makes intercultural and cross-cultural concepts and issues relevant and accessible to all groups of students and professionals, regardless of background. It allows them to engage with the widest possible forum of contributors in their quest to position themselves in the wider arena of intercultural studies. Above all, it is important that individuals from diverse backgrounds and interests have a common understanding and common language to be able to speak to one another and debate their point of view.