David Sims - Egypts Desert Dreams

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In Desert Dreams, unlike many urban researchers who examine urban desert expansion, Sims contextualizes urban expansion in the desert within the bigger desert development story. Through his simple and jargon-free writing style, he critiques mega agricultural projects, new urban communities, and mega economic projects, such as the Desert Development Corridor, special economic and industrial zones, and tourism-centric coastal development. This diversity and wealth of information makes the book beneficial beyond the typical audience of urban researchers.

TADAMUN: The Cairo Urban Solidarity Initiative (on UrbanAfrica.Net)

David Sims... provides us with a lucid account of the underlying reasons that led Egyptians to pursue a costly strategy of developing large parts of their desert. He explains why such an approach may not have been fully justified, and why it generally did not succeed. This important book is a must-read for planners and others interested in the development of Egypt. Policy makers would do well to listen to his advice.

Nezar AlSayyad, University of California, Berkeley

Sims in-depth knowledge on the legal situation in Egypt and the countrys complex political background is spectacular. His book is highly investigative and... goes beyond basic inquiry towards a call to action.... Moreover, by unveiling the context surrounding the failures of previous desert development projects, the book makes a remarkable point against corruption, nepotism and bureaucracy.

Jasper A. Kiepe, Arab West Report

Sims detailed critique of Egypts desert development is revelatory, constituting an essential addition to the literature on both the politics of development and the politics of Egypt. It shows not just failures in Egypts desert dreams, but more generally a distorted political economy that purposefully empowers elites and disempowers most Egyptians.

Anthony Chase, Occidental College

This electronic edition published in 2018 by
The American University in Cairo Press
113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo, Egypt
420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018
www.aucpress.com

Copyright 2014, 2018 by David Sims

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978 977 416 857 4
eISBN: 978 161 797 884 5

Version 1

Contents

Figures

7 Smallholder farms and settlement (Qaryat al-Tahrir),
al-Nubariya, Buheira Governorate

Maps

Tables

Plates

1 Graduate smallholder settlement (Qaryat al-Tabarani) and fields in al-Nubariya

2 Disorganized smallholder reclamation in the Kharga Oasis

3 Agribusiness olive grove irrigated with groundwater, south of the CairoAlexandria Desert Road

4 Irrigation canal system built in the early 1980s and never used, Qena Governorate

5 Olive grove irrigated with groundwater in agribusiness farm off al-Alamein Desert Road, Wadi Natrun

6 Wadi al-Rayan smallholder and graduate reclamation scheme with wad al-yadd extensions, Fayoum Governorate

7 The largest land reclamation scheme on Lake Nasser, showing the problems of lake level changes

8 Salihiya Canal eastern extension in 2004 and cooperative farms, Ismailiya Governorate

9 Salihiya Canal extension in 2013

10 The most southerly reclamation attempts south of Kharga on the Darb al-Arbain in 2012

11 Successful wad al-yadd fields, Western Desert, Minya Governorate

12 Wad al-yadd fields near Deshna, Qena Governorate

13 Small investor attempting to grow olive trees on desert fringe using drip irrigation, Western Desert, Beni Suef Governorate

14 Al-Salam Canal, west of Suez Canal, Port Said Governorate

15 Entrance road to uninhabited Fayoum New Town, off Western Desert Highway

16 Juxtaposition of new-town subdivision and semi-formal reclamation using Nile water, Burg al-Arab New Town

17 Smallholder reclamation and new public housing, Kharga Oasis, near Kharga City

18 Uninhabited zahir al-sahrawi village, west bank of Nile, Qena Governorate

19 Unfinished branch of al-Azhar University off the Western Desert Highway, Minya Governorate

20 Uncontrolled sewage and industrial effluent outfall, Beni Suef New Town

21 Tourist theme park south of Hurghada

22 Wall-to-wall tourist resorts at Nabq, north of Sharm al-Sheikh

23 Part of the huge Marina seasonal resort, near al-Alamein

24 Main operations and housing, Abu Tartour phosphate mine, west of Kharga Oasis

AUC	American University in Cairo
BCM	billion cubic meters
BIC	Bank Information Center
BOT	buildoperatetransfer
CAPMAS	Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
CEDEJ	Centre dtudes et de documentation conomiques, juridiques et sociales
DPW	Dubai Ports World
EBRD	European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ECDC	Egyptian Countryside Development Company
EEAA	Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency
EU	European Union
FAO	Food and Agricultural Organization (a United Nations affiliate)
FJP	Freedom and Justice Party
GAID	General Authority for Industrial Development, also known as IDA
GARPAD	General Authority for Reclamation Projects and Agricultural Development
GDP	gross domestic product
GOFI	General Organization for Industrialization
GOPP	General Organization for Physical Planning
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
IDA	Industrial Development Authority, also know as GAID
IFAD	International Fund for Agricultural Development
IFC	International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group)
KfW	Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau (German Development Bank)
LE	livre gyptien (Egyptian pound)
MALR	Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation
MOU	memorandum of understanding
MWRI	Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation
NASA	National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
NCPSLU	National Center for Planning of State Land Uses
NGO	non-governmental organization
NUCA	New Urban Communities Authority
NWC	North West Coast
PPIAF	Public Private Infrastructure Advisory Fund (World Bank)
QIZ	Qualified Industrial Zone
SCEZ	Suez Canal Economic Zone
SEDO	Small Enterprise Development Organization (part of SFD)
SEZ	Special Economic Zone
SFD	Social Fund for Development
SME	small and medium enterprises
TDA	Tourism Development Authority
UAE	United Arab Emirates

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