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Gert de Roo - Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to Be True: From Command-And-Control Planning to Shared Governance

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Environmental Planning in the Netherlands: Too Good to Be True: From Command-And-Control Planning to Shared Governance
Author:
Gert de Roo
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Routledge
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Books / Politics
Year:
2003
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ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN THE NETHERLANDS: TOO GOOD TO BE TRUE

First published 2003 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

The author has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work. The author confirms that all figures, pictures, maps and tables in this publication that are not his own work are without copyright in this instance.

Translation subsidised by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Trans lated by the Language Centre of the University of Groningen.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Roo, Gert de
Environmental planning in the Netherlands : too good to be
true. - (Urban planning and environment)
1. Environmental policy - Netherlands 2. Environmental policy
- Netherlands - Citizen participation 3. Environmental
policy - Netherlands - Evaluation
I. Title

363.7009492

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Roo, Gert de.
[Planning per se, planning per saldo. English]
Environmental planning in the Netherlands : too good to be true : from command and
control planning to shared governance / Gert De Roo.
p. cm. (Urban planning and environment)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7546-3845-6 (alk. paper)
1. City planningEnvironmental aspectsNetherlands. 2. Regional
planningEnvironmental aspectsNetherlands. 3. Urban ecologyNetherlands. 4.
Environmental policyNetherlands. I. Title. IL Series.
HT169.N4R66 13 2003
307.12dc21

2003052123

ISBN 13: 978-0-7546-3845-2 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-25484-8 (pbk)

Contents

List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Conflicts, Decision-Making and Complexity in Environmental Planning
PART A: ENVIRONMENTAL/SPATIAL CONFLICTS IN A CHANGING CONTEXT
Environmental/Spatial Conflict in the Context of Environmental Encroachment
A Concept of Over expectation
PART B: COMPLEXITY AND PLURIFORMITY
Complexity and Pluriformity
PART C: INTERACTION AND CHANGING GOALS IN AREA-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
From a Technically Sound Policy to Policy Based on Shared Governance
Pilot Projects in Integrated Environmental Zoning as a Source of Inspiration
Environmental Policy of the City of Amsterdam
Final Observations on the Link between Complexity and Decision-Making in Environmental Planning

This book is an analysis of environmental policy in the Netherlands, which has been the basis for environmental policy in many other countries. Dutch policy is seen as progressive and far-reaching. The latter feature in particular explains why it generates so much interest. However, current developments are completely transforming this image of environmental policy. The changes are the result of increasing criticism levelled at traditional far-reaching environmental policy by stakeholders who have experienced its consequences in the Netherlands. Dutch environmental policy appeared to be too good to be true and has ceased to address the policy issues encountered in practice today. It was time to set a new course

This book discusses, among other things, the deregulation and decentralisation of Dutch environmental policy. Given the speed at which this process has unfolded, it appears that stakeholders have a great deal of confidence in the new-look policy. But this is only partly true. Many people among them some of the people involved in formulating the decentralised policy have reservations about the path decentralisation is taking and its possible consequences. How can we take optimistic decisions now, only to realise at some point in the future that the environment has paid the price for those decisions? Should we loosen the policy reins in order not to stand in the way of progress including progress with regard to environmental matters? This study reflects on the administrative aspects of this trial-and-error approach.

The rise and fall of the system of environmental standards was one of the main reasons for writing this book. Until the early 1990s, the environmental standards enforced by the Dutch government propelled environmental planning in the Netherlands to great heights. Thanks to a prescriptive system of standards, environmental planning evolved into a fully recognised policy field that achieved impressive results and was able to withstand competition from other fields of policy. Indeed, this system of rigid, quantitative standards virtually excluded all interests other than environmental interests.

Ultimately, however, environmental standards proved to be too successful for their own good and the tide turned. It was particularly surprising to see how within such a short space of time, this instrument, which had been the backbone of Dutch environmental policy for so long, became an anathema that people preferred not to discuss. By the mid-1990s, environmental standards were out and the curtain appeared to have fallen. There was now very little to stand in the way of the decentralisation of environmental policy.

In the wake of this almost inexplicable and sudden aversion to standards, it briefly seemed as if the pendulum of legislation would swing to the other side, introducing such concepts as public consensus, interaction and compensation concepts which could provide a new theoretical foothold. Participative decision-making and shared governance would be the cornerstone of a new environmental policy.

This u-turn has raised many questions and gives the impression that over- commitment to an old belief has been replaced by over-commitment to a new one. It remains to be seen whether the new belief will produce the expected results. Practical questions such as these are the basis for this analysis of decision-making and planning.

A second analysis is woven into this analysis of the development of Dutch environmental policy, namely a synthesis relating to aspects of public administration. The purpose of this synthesis is to clarify the role played by government departments in terms of planning-based action and decision-making. One of the results of this study is a pluriform model for planning-based action, which can be used to establish connections between goals (in particular environmental standards) and involvement in decision-making. The model also links the concepts of efficiency and effectiveness in planning and decision- making.

Reference is also made to the categorisation of environmental-planning issues according to complexity. Above all, complexity is proposed here as a factor that can bridge the gulf between apparently irreconcilable theories, visions and concepts in planning, thereby enabling us to follow and explain the developments that take place in environmental planning. The underlying purpose is to contribute to the development of new theories. In giving meaning to the concept of complexity, my aim has been to facilitate the bridge-building process between the many and diverse theoretical perspectives, visions and concepts. The result is a theoretical framework that in my view can further our understanding of decision-making and planning, facilitate policy choices and provide insight into the possible consequences of policies in particular environmental policy.

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