Sean J. Savage - The Senator From New England: The Rise of JFK

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The Senator from New England

The Senator from New England

The Rise of JFK

SEAN J. SAVAGE

Cover photo of John F. Kennedy courtesy of Getty Images (taken from the LIFE Images Collection). Photographer: Verner Reed.

Published by State University of New York Press, Albany

2015 State University of New York

All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America

No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher.

Excelsior Editions is an imprint of State University of New York Press

For information, contact State University of New York Press, Albany, NY

www.sunypress.edu

Production, Diane Ganeles

Marketing, Kate R. Seburyamo

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Savage, Sean J., 1964

The senator from New England : the rise of JFK / Sean J. Savage.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4384-5703-1 (hardcover : alk. paper)

ISBN 978-1-4384-5704-8 (e-book)

1. Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 19171963. 2. LegislatorsMassachusettsBiography. 3. United States. Congress. SenateBiography. 4. New EnglandPolitics and government20th century. 5. PresidentsUnited StatesElection1960. 6. United StatesPolitics and government19451989. 7. New EnglandBiography. I. Title.

E842.1.S28 2015

973.922092dc23

[B]

2014030986

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book is dedicated to my mother, Irene M. Schollard (19292015)

Contents

Abbreviations

ADA	Americans for Democratic Action
BC	Boston College
BPL	Boston Public Library
BTC	Bates College
BU	Boston University
CHC	College of the Holy Cross
CQ	Congressional Quarterly
DAC	Democratic Advisory Council
DDE	Dwight D. Eisenhower
DDEL	Dwight D. Eisenhower Library
DNC	Democratic National Committee
DTC	Dartmouth College
EMK	Edward M. Kennedy
FDR	Franklin D. Roosevelt
GF	General Files
GPO	Government Printing Office
HST	Harry S. Truman
HSTL	Harry S. Truman Library
JFK	John F. Kennedy
JFKL	John F. Kennedy Library
JPK	Joseph P. Kennedy
LBJ	Lyndon B. Johnson
LBJL	Lyndon B. Johnson Library
LOC	Library of Congress
MCSL	Margaret Chase Smith Library
MHS	Massachusetts Historical Society
MSL	Massachusetts State Library
NYT	New York Times
OF	Office Files
OH	Oral History transcript
PC	Providence College
POF	Presidents Office Files
PPP	Pre-Presidential Papers
RFK	Robert F. Kennedy
RNC	Republican National Committee
SC	Stonehill College
TPO	Thomas P. ONeill, Jr.
UCT	University of Connecticut
UPI	United Press International
URI	University of Rhode Island
UVM	University of Vermont
WHCF	White House Central File

Preface

I developed the idea for writing The Senator from New England: The Rise of JFK while I was researching my third book, JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party . While researching secondary sources, I read John Kennedy: A Political Profile by James MacGregor Burns and Jack: The Struggles of John F. Kennedy by Herbert S. Parmet. Each book includes a chapter entitled The Senator from New England. I then realized that the aspect of John F. Kennedys Senate career that focused on regional policy issues merited a book-length survey and analysis. In particular, The Senator from New England: The Rise of JFK explores how and why JFK changed from a senator emphasizing bipartisan, centrist, and eclectically conservative policy proposals to solve or ameliorate policy problems unique to, or especially prominent in, New England to a more liberal, partisan Democratic senator and presidential candidate who connected and subordinated the policy needs of Massachusetts and New England to those of the nation in general.

The primary sources used in this book include not only those of the Kennedy, Johnson, Truman, and Eisenhower presidential libraries. They also include those of Assumption College, Stonehill College, Boston College, Boston University, Bates College, Providence College, Dartmouth College, the College of the Holy Cross, the state universities of Massachusetts, Connecticut, Vermont, and Rhode Island, the Boston Public Library, the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Massachusetts State Library, the Margaret Chase Smith Library, the Catholic Diocese of Worcester, and the Library of Congress. I am grateful for research grants from Saint Marys College and the foundations of the John F. Kennedy and Margaret Chase Smith libraries. I am also grateful for the typing skills of Sophia Schrage in preparing the manuscript of this book.

1

JFK and Massachusetts Politics

O N J ANUARY 9, 1961, P RESIDENT-ELECT John F. Kennedy delivered an address to the Massachusetts state legislature, officially known as the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, at the State House in Boston. As he prepared to be inaugurated president, JFK assured his fellow Bay Staters, The enduring qualities of Massachusettsthe common threads woven by the Pilgrim and the Puritan, the fisherman and the farmer, the Yankee and the immigrantwill not be and could not be forgotten in this nations executive mansion.

Theodore C. Sorensen, JFKs chief speech writer and future White House special counsel, helped JFK to prepare this speech. He wrote, Kennedy the President-elect was not unmindful of his inability to be proud of all the politicians of Massachusetts as Massachusetts was of him.

In his classic study of the 1960 presidential election, journalist Theodore H. White, a Boston native and Harvard graduate, claimed

The contrast between the lofty, sentimental tone of JFKs Farewell to Massachusetts speech and his private comments about his home states embarrassing national reputation for its politics was analogous to historian Perry Millers earlier observation in The New England Mind: From Colony to Province . In this book, Miller wrote that even as John Winthrop and other Puritans sought to build a city upon a hill in Massachusetts, they knew that it was going to be the old, familiar world of sin and struggle.

Shortly after JFKs death, Boston Globe reporter John Harris wrote an article detailing much of the petty corruption, clannish factionalism, and Machiavellian maneuvering in Massachusetts politics during the 1950s and 1960s. Nevertheless, he optimistically concluded, That the puritan ideal should be permitted permanently to languish in the state and city of its most perfect development seems unthinkable because the spirit and determination which once blazed the way to the establishment of a republic, are still in the New England air.

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