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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Archaeometallurgy in Mesoamerica : current approaches and new perspectives / edited by
Aaron N. Shugar and Scott E. Simmons.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-60732-200-9 (cloth : alkaline paper) ISBN 978-1-60732-210-8 (ebook) (print)
1. Indian metal-workMexicoHistoryTo 1500. 2. Indian metal-workAmerica,
CentralHistoryTo 1500. 3. Metallurgy in
archaeologyMexico. 4. Metallurgy in archaeologyAmerica, Central. 5. Indians of MexicoAntiquities. 6. Indians of Central
AmericaAntiquities. 7. Excavations (Archaeology)Mexico. 8. Excavations (Archaeology)
America, Central. I. Shugar, Aaron N. II. Simmons, Scott E.
F1219.3.M52A73 2013
972.01dc23
2012038984
Design by Daniel Pratt
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Figures
. Mesoamerica culture area, showing West Mexican metalworking zone as well as major archaeological sites discussed in the volume
. Various copper axes from Lamanai, Belize
. S-scroll clothing ornaments from Lamanai, Belize
. Copper bell from Tlacotepec, Toluca Valley, Mexico
. Copper ingot, Chamelecn River Valley, Honduras
. Copper ring, Veracruz, Mexico
. Copper fishhook and miscast bell from Progresso Lagoon, Belize
. The Lienzo de Jicaln
. Map of Michoacn showing the places mentioned in the text and the three mining routes depicted in the Lienzo de Jicaln
. Jicaln el Viejo, or Xiuhquilan, as represented in the Lienzo de Jicaln
. Map of the archaeological site of Jicaln el Viejo, representing architectural remains and slag concentrations
. View of the looted Tezcatlipoca pyramid of the old Jicaln, facing south
. Jicaln el Viejo: inside view of the sixteenth-century chapel with carved stones, facing the atrium
. Jicaln el Viejo: partial view of the terraces in the main habitational complex, facing north
. Jicaln el Viejo: one of the few relatively well-conserved terrace walls in the main habitational complex, facing south
. Jicaln el Viejo: a maquette petroglyph with ladder motif in the northwestern habitation terrace
. Jicaln el Viejo: a petroglyph with an anthropomorphic motif in the northwestern habitation terrace
. Jicaln el Viejo: a selection of lithic artifacts associated with milling or grinding
. Jicaln el Viejo: additional lithic artifacts associated with milling or grinding
. Jicaln el Viejo: metate-type stone that was possibly used as a mold
. West Mexico: archaeological sites
. The precious and base metal province of Mexico
. Pre-Hispanic and Colonial mining centers in the Central Balsas Basin
. Medieval mining techniques showing three vertical shafts
. Location of Itzipartzico within the Zirahun Basin and the state of Michoacn
. Mesoamerican crucible and blowpipes
. Platy slag fragment from Itzipartzico
. Lumpy slag fragment from Itzipartzico
. Experimental replicas of Tarascan copper artifacts
. Map of southeast Mesoamerica showing sites mentioned in the text
. Map of El Coyote; the copper-processing area is located in the far southern portion of the site
. Detailed view of the copper-processing area of El Coyote as it was mapped prior to excavation
. Section through Structure 407 illustrating stratigraphic relations among boulders, broken ore-bearing rocks, and detritus from copper working
. Structure 372 showing a cross section through the working platform, in situ furnace, tapping pit, and associated water table to the south
. Smelting furnace fragment from Structure 373 showing flow patterns evidenced by bubbles trapped in vitrified clay and slag
. Detail of vitrification and slag in a furnace fragment from Structure 373
. Plan of the southern pavement, or water table, in Structure 372
. Section through Structure 373
. A ground stone pounding implement found on Structure 372s southern pavement
. Distribution of vessel forms for the sample, divided among the major categories of jars, bowls, plates, and comals
. Jar frequency and type as found in the copper-producing area of El Coyote
. Jar frequency and type as found in the Northern Complex area of El Coyote
. Map of the highlands of Guatemala, with places mentioned in the text
. Aerial photograph of the Atalaya Group
. Isometric reconstruction drawing of Structure 2.7 showing three construction stages
. Casting molds found at Structure 2.7
. Metalworkers, Codex Xolotl
. Copper objects found at Utatln
. Lamanai, Belize. Locales where copper artifacts have been found at the site
. Three of the six domed copper ornaments recovered with Early Postclassic Period Burial N10-4/28
. Bells from Lamanai, Belize
. Poll of axe LA 27903 showing the remnants of a down sprue after cleaning
. Two copper objects recovered from a Spanish Colonial Period midden
. Samples of previously termed ingots or pigs
. Schematic of lost-wax casting
. Olive shell and Spondylus shell ornaments from Caye Coco, Belize
. Map of Mesoamerica with sites mentioned in the text and other sites where metal artifacts have been recovered
. Map of Mayapn showing metal items
. Bells and miniature tecomate vessel filled with copper from the cache in Structure R-183b
. The contribution of each interval category to the total number of bells
. The four basic bell forms found in the offerings of the Templo Mayor
. The size distribution of the basic bell forms at the Templo Mayor
. Spatial distribution of the offerings with bells in the Templo Mayor
. Change of emphasis from pear-shaped to spherical bells in the latest building phases of the Templo Mayor
. Analysis of the bell composition using a portable XRF in the Templo Mayor museum
. Corrosion penetration and the preparation of thin-walled bells for analysis
. Tin (Sn) content in spherical bells
. The main alloy metals (lead, arsenic, and tin) used for pear-shaped and spherical bells from the Templo Mayor
. Compositional differences of several morphological subtypes of pear-shaped bells