Nancy Gonlin - Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica

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Night and Darkness in Ancient Mesoamerica

edited by

Nancy Gonlin and David M. Reed

U NIVERSITY P RESS OF C OLORADO

Louisville

2021 by University Press of Colorado

Published by University Press of Colorado

245 Century Circle, Suite 202

Louisville, Colorado 80027

All rights reserved

The University Press of Colorado is a proud member of the Association of University Presses.

The University Press of Colorado is a cooperative publishing enterprise supported, in part, by Adams State University, Colorado State University, Fort Lewis College, Metropolitan State University of Denver, Regis University, University of Colorado, University of Northern Colorado, University of Wyoming, Utah State University, and Western Colorado University.

ISBN: 978-1-64642-100-8 (hardcover)

ISBN: 978-1-64642-187-9 (ebook)

https://doi.org/10.5876/9781646421879

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Gonlin, Nancy, editor. | Reed, David M., editor.

Title: Night and darkness in ancient Mesoamerica / edited by Nancy Gonlin and David M. Reed.

Description: Louisville : University Press of Colorado, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021034814 (print) | LCCN 2021034815 (ebook) | ISBN 9781646421008 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781646421879 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: NightSocial aspects. | NightReligious aspects. | Indians of Central AmericaAntiquities. | Indians of MexicoAntiquities. | Antiquities, PrehistoricCentral America. | Antiquities, PrehistoricMexico.

Classification: LCC GT3408 .N54 2021 (print) | LCC GT3408 (ebook) | DDC 306.4dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021034814

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021034815

Cover photograph, Classic Maya ceramic cylinder vessel no. K1278, Justin Kerr.

To our friend and colleagueW. Scott Zeleznik

Scott was our friend, peer, and fellow archaeologist whose contributions resonate in this volume. During his too short life, Scott had many admirable qualities. He was an inquisitive and empirical anthropological archaeologist, an explorer and world traveler, the finest of friends, and a devoted father. He is genuinely missed by his family, friends, and colleagues.

Contents

David M. Reed and Nancy Gonlin

David M. Reed, W. Scott Zeleznik, and Nancy Gonlin

Venicia Slotten

Rachel Egan

Nancy Gonlin and Christine C. Dixon-Hundredmark

Randolph J. Widmer

Payson Sheets and Michael Thomason

Jan Marie Olson

Jeremy D. Coltman

Jeanne Lopiparo

Kirby Farah

Cecelia F. Klein

Julia A. Hendon

2017 SAA participants

Map locating the main sites mentioned in the volume

Emblem glyph of the Classic Maya city of Copan, Honduras

Classic Maya vase depicting a deceased individual in a palanquin, accompanied by his dog

Classic Maya vase of two deer with sky band and star glyphs

Photograph of the Piedras Negras Lintel 3 that discusses a feast

Rollout photograph of palace scene

Ix-wenel (Mimosa pudica) leaves can be seen folding inward as if they are asleep

The ceiba tree, known as the tree of life

Locations of major volcanic eruptions in Mexico and Central America

The AKAB glyph

The winged KIN sign translated as an eclipse glyph

The Codex Telleriano-Remensis, page 40v, Los Angeles County Museum of Art

Plan map of the Classic Maya site of Copan, Honduras

Classic Maya ceramic cylinder vessel

Aztec man making candles

Classic Maya candeleros

The Classic Maya firefly glyph KUH-KAY?

Tapaplato ceramic bowls with three exterior loop handles

Teotihuacan ceramic candeleros

Map of the excavated structures of the Cern site, El Salvador, with inset location map

Structures of Household 2

Cern Structure 9, the temazcal

The 1:1 scale replica of the Cern temazcal, with Salvador Chamba Quintanilla

Sonogram of temazcal recordings

The night god Black Tezcatlipoca from the Fejrvry-Mayer Codex

Teteoinnan, goddess of the night, fertility, and healing, from the Florentine Codex

Aztecs praying to the goddess Temazcalteci and preparing for a sweat bath

A typical circular dome-shaped temazcal (modern) from Tlayacapan, Mexico, Morelos

A Late Postclassic rectangular stone temazcal from Tlatelolco, Mexico City, Mexico

Cheen symbolism in Maya texts and art

The Aztec Earth Goddess, Tlaltecuhtli, with skull and cross-bone skirt

The Spiral Eye Mirror motif in ancient Maya art

Leafy arbors as portrayals of the ritual forest

Sacrificial stone altars in ancient Maya art

Stone altars from the northern Maya Lowlands

Aztec skull and cross-bone altars and platforms

Map of the central alluvium of the lower Ula Valley, Honduras

Plan map of Currust, Ula Valley, Honduras

Zoomorphic and zooanthropomorphic figural artifacts

Zoomorphic figural artifacts

Grotesque supernatural artifacts

Figural incensarios

Human skulls and long bone bundles

Sub-floor structured deposition featuring multiple reentries

Sub-floor structured deposition from CR-10.

Orientations of burials from household sites and alignments of main plaza groups

Major towns and capitals in the Postclassic Basin of Mexico

Modern Xaltocan and location of Cerrito Central

Altar surface built on top of plaster floor

Ceremonial hearth overlapping altar feature

Itzpapalotl and two penitents

Tezcatlipoca

Tezcatlipoca disemboweling penitent, Codex Borgia

Tezcatlipoca disemboweling penitent, Codex Fejrvry-Mayer

Itztlacoliuhqui disemboweling penitent

Itztlacoliuhqui as patron of the twelfth trecena

Patecatl as patron of the eleventh trecena

Tlazolteotl sitting on penitent

Tlazolteotl as the first sinner296

Birth of the first Cihuateteo and Macuiltonaleque

Cihuateteo and Macuiltonaleque

Major time periods highlighted in the volume

Plant species that have medicinal, morphological, cultural, or linguistic traits relating to nighttime in Mesoamerica

Mesoamerican volcanoes and their eruption dates

Musical tones of the temazcal, and their frequencies in Hertz

Ceramic chronology at Xaltocan

Objects recovered from New Fire deposit at Cerrito Central

Nancy Gonlin and David M. Reed

For all the reasons that we need to see Earth during the day, we also need to see Earth at night.

Miller 2012

The cycle of time from night into day is one of the most fundamental changes experienced on earth. The darkness that rises with night is as natural as the light brought by day. This natural cycling has been given profound meanings the world over, with the prehistoric and historic peoples of Mexico and Central America being no exception. This phenomenon has figured prominently in the worldviews and mythologies of all peoples living in this region. Here, we embark on a new archaeological emphasis by presenting this volume about night and darkness in the past of Mexican and Central American peoples. This publication follows a previous one (Gonlin and Nowell 2018) wherein the archaeology of the night was introduced. By incorporating the element of darkness, metaphors abound and the richness of the iconographic, epigraphic, and archaeological record expands.

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