David Childs - Germany in the Twentieth Century (RLE: German Politics)

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ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: GERMAN POLITICS

Volume 3

GERMANY IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Germany in the Twentieth Century

David Childs

First published in 1971 by B.T. Batsford Ltd
Second edition published in 1980
Third edition published in 1991

This edition first published in 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1970, 1980, 1991 David Childs

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

ISBN: 978-1-138-83837-6 (Set)
eISBN: 978-1-315-72630-4 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-138-84502-2 (Volume 3)
eISBN: 978-1-315-72822-3 (Volume 3)

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.

Germany IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

DAVID CHILDS

Acknowledgement

I want to express my thanks to Mrs Helga Tallon, MA, of the Nottingham University of for helping me correct the manuscript for this book. Obviously, any errors, omissions or shortcomings which remain, are entirely the author's responsibility.

DAVID CHILDS 1970, 1980, 1991

First published 1971
Second edition 1980
Third edition 1991

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission from the Publisher

Typeset by J&L Composition Ltd, Filey, North Yorkshire and printed in Great Britain by Billings Ltd, Worcester

Published by B. T. Batsford Ltd
4 Fitzhardinge Street, London W1H OAH

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 0 7134 6795 9

Contents

I was very pleased when Batsford asked me to prepare a third edition of Germany Since 1918. However, after considering all that had happened in Germany since the appearance of the second edition in 1980 we decided something more was needed than just another chapter. In addition, as the century is drawing to a close, it seemed appropriate to sketch the developments over the whole 90 years or so. Germany Since 1918 has been transformed therefore into the present volume. In it I have tried to break new ground and give both the academic and the general reader as much information as possible in what is, considering the dramatic nine decades it covers, a relatively small book. I hope that goes some way to revising the widely held, wholly negative, view of pre-1914 Germany and will promote a more balanced image of a time when Germany and Britain (and the USA) were friends as well as rivals.

One innovation is a statistical section at the end of the book and brief biographies of 152 Germans. I have tried to make this biographical list representative both of the different periods and, although this is primarily a political book, of Germans other than politicians who have become public figures. The limitations of space have forced me to leave out many other Germans equally deserving of attention. No doubt some of those included will lose their present significance with the passage of time.

Because Germany Since 1918 was so well received I have left much of the original material intact. However, I have made some amendments where new information has come to light and added new material where I felt there were gaps. Given the astonishing changes since 1989 and given Germany's growing role, it is natural that the book gives much attention to these last few years and to the contemporary situation. In a book like this errors are bound to creep in and, as in the past, I would be glad to hear from any reader who discovers any. Equally, I would be most pleased to hear from readers who have found the book useful.

I hope the book makes a small contribution to our understanding of the Germans, their achievements, trials and tragedies and to their successes over the past 45 years in building a democratic state in the new Europe.

David Childs
Nottingham, February 1991

• ADF Action for Democratic Freedom
• BFD League of Free Democrats
• BHE League of Expellees and those without Rights
• BfV Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution (similar to U S F B I or British MI5)
• BND Federal Intelligence Service
• BP Bavarian Party
• BUU Citizens' Initiative for Lower Elbe Environmental Protection
• BVP Bavarian People's Party
• CDU Christian Democratic Union
• CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union
• CSCE Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe
• CSU Christian Social Union
• DA Democratic Awakening
• DBD Democratic Farmers (Peasants') Party of Germany
• DDR German Democratic Republic
• DFD Democratic Women's Federation of Germany
• DFU German Peace Union
• DGB German Trade Union Federation
• DKP German Communist Party
• DKP German Conservative Party
• DNVP German National People's Party
• DP German Party
• DRP German Reich Party
• DSU German Social Union
• DVP German People's Party
• EC European Community
• EEC European Economic Community (forerunner of EC)
• FDGB Free German Trade Union Federation (of DDR)
• FDJ Free German Youth
• FDP Free Democratic Party Gestapo Secret State Police
• HJ Hitler Youth
• KPD Communist Party of Germany
• LDPD Liberal Democratic Party of Germany
• INF Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
• NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• NDPD National Democratic Party of Germany (DDR)
• NPD National Democratic Party of Germany (West Germany)
• NSDAP National Socialist German Workers' Party
• NVA National People's Army (armed forces of the DDR)
• PDS Party of Democratic Socialism
• REP The Republicans
• SA Storm Detachment (of NSDAP)
• SDAP Social Democratic Workers' Party
• SDP Social Democratic Party (in the DDR)
• SED Socialist Unity Party of Germany
• SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany
• SRP Socialist Reich Party
• SSD State Security Service (of the DDR)
• SS Defence Squadron (of NSDAP)

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