Gunter Bischof - The Vranitzky Era in Austria

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THE
Vranitzky
ERA
IN AUSTRIA

Contemporary Austrian Studies

Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universitt Innsbruck

Editors

Anton Pelinka, University of Innsbruck
Gnter Bischof, University of New Orleans

Assistant Editor

Ellen Palli

Production Editor

Ellen Palli

Copy Editor

Irne Brameshuber-Ziegler

Editorial Assitant

Martin Kofler

Executive Editors

Franz Mathis, University of Innsbruck
Gordon H. Mueller, University of New Orleans

Advisory Board

Konrad Ginther

University of Graz

David F. Good

University of Minnesota

Michael G. Huelshoff

University of New Orleans

Robert F. Keyserlingk

University of Ottawa

Wilhelm Kohler

University of Linz

Jacques LeRider

University of Paris VIII

Radomir Lua

Tulane University

Andrei S. Markovits

University of California, Santa Cruz

Sybil Milton

United States Holocaust Memorial
Council, Washington D.C.

Margareta Mommsen

University of Munich

Hanspeter Neuhold

University of Vienna

Helga Nowotny

University of Vienna

Bruce F. Pauley

University of Central Florida

Peter Pulzer

Oxford University

Oliver Rathkolb

University of Vienna

Sieglinde Rosenberger

University of Vienna

Dieter Stiefel

University of Vienna

David F. Good

University of Minnesota

Reinhold Wagnleitner

University of Salzburg

We would like to thank Harald Hofmeister and Michaela Seidler for their portraits from the Die Presse Archiv.

Publication of this volume has been made possible through a generous grant from the Austrian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Austrian Culture Institute in New York. The Bank Gutmann Nfg. AG in Vienna, the University of Innsbruck, and Metropolitan College of the University of New Orleans have also provided financial support.

Contemporary Austrian Studies
Volume 7

THE Vranitzky ERA IN AUSTRIA

Gnter Bischof
Anton Pelinka
Ferdinand Karlhofer
EDITORS

First published 1999 by Transaction Publishers

Published 2017 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1999 by Taylor & Francis.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 98-33871

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Vranitzky era in Austria / edited by Gnter Bischof, Anton Pelinka, and

Ferdinand Karlhofer.

p. cm. (Contemporary Austrian studies ; v. 7)

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN 0-7658-0490-5 (pbk.)

1. Vranitzky, Franz. 2. Heads of stateAustriaBiography. 3. AustriaPolitics and government1945 4. AustriaForeign relations1955 I. Bischof, Gnter, 1953. II. Pelinka, Anton, 1941. III. Karlhofer, Ferdinand, 1956. IV. Series.

DB99.2.V68 1999

943.605392dc21 98-33871

[B] CIP

ISBN 13: 978-0-7658-0490-7 (pbk)

Table of Contents

Introduction

Franz Vranitzky was Federal Chancellor for more than ten years and chairman of the Social Democratic Party for almost a decade. He was in a key position of responsibility when rapid changes in Austrian politics took place:

• Austrias new European outlook changed significantly during his years as head of government. The old formulaparticipation in the European integration that stopped short of EC-membershipchanged in the late 1980s in favor of a policy directed at full membership. Vranitzky and his cabinet decided to send the letter to Brussels in 1989 and negotiated the conditions for Austrias entry into the EU.
• At the very beginning of his tenure as head of government, he faced the challenge of the Waldheim affair. For international as well as national observers, he became a kind of antithesisnot so much to Kurt Waldheim personally, but to the post-1945 policy of ignoring Austrias involvement in Nazi war crimes. His speeches in 1988 and again in 1991 are seen as the turning points in Austrias official attitude toward the Nazi era.
• Vranitzky and the years of his chancellorship can be interpreted as the period of adapting Austro-Keynesianism to the neo-liberal imperatives of his decade. He headed the coalition government which oversaw the new agenda of privatizationespecially of state-owned industries and nationalized banks. He was a social democratic chancellor who presided over the abandonment of some of Austrias most traditional social democratic policies.

His era ensured that social democratic hegemony would not be seen exclusively as a phenomenon of the Kreisky era. The Vranitzky decade cemented the SPs position as the dominant party in Austrias increasingly volatile party system. He became the counterpart to Jrg Haiders new FP. And despite a significant decline in electoral strength, the SP and the VP were able to prevent the FP from making a decisive breakthrough. Vranitzky became known as the very personal antagonist of Haider.

This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies deals with various facets of the years between 1986 and 1997the years which both marked the end of the cold war and saw the blurring of decisive components of Austrias neutrality. Vranitzky, the economist and banker, became chancellor in a period characterized by the most dramatic political changes since 1945.

Richard Luther (University of Keele, UK) gives the general comparative overview of the Vranitzky years in the European context. The years of the decline of traditional leftist policies all over Europe form an interesting contrast to the still-significant dominance of Austrias Social Democratic Party. The SP is the only democratic European party which was able to defend its number one position for almost three decades: from Kreisky to Sinowatz, and from Sinowatz to Vranitzky.

Fritz Plasser (University of Innsbruck) analyses the specific domestic agenda from the perspective of electoral behavior. The years between 1986 and 1996 were a decade of significant changes in electoral patterns characterized by the rise of new parties and the new populist attitude of the FP. Traditional cleavages became less and less significant, while comparatively new factors began to have a significant influence on political attitudes. Dealignment and realignment are key concepts in the understanding of this decade and its impact on the Austrian political system.

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