Landrum R. Bolling - Private Foreign Aid: U.S. Philanthropy in Relief and Developlment

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Private Foreign Aid

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Available in hardcover and paperback.

About the Book and Authors

Private Foreign Aid: U.S. Philanthropy for Relief and Development

Landrum R. Bolling, with Craig Smith

Over the past 150 years, Americans have responded repeatedly to the needs of people in foreign lands, providing aid in times of natural disaster, in the wake of war, in the development of resources, in the eradication of disease and poverty, and in the battle against hunger. This challenging task has been tackled again and again by churches, corporations, labor unions, foundations, hundreds of private voluntary organizations, and millions of individuals. They have donated money, goods, and labor to overseas relief and to help promote economic and social development at the grass-roots level. The U.S. government has also been active in providing much-needed foreign aid through different agency channels.

This book is a record of what private groups and individuals have accomplished, as well as a candid analysis of some of the problems, disappointments, and frustrations associated with foreign aid, both public and private. It is fundamentally a success story. The authors document the foundation policies and program interests behind aid in the international arena and trace the shifts that have occurred since the Rockefeller Foundation initiated the projects that helped eradicate hookworm, yellow fever, and malaria around the globe more than 60 years ago. They also offer examples of the joint efforts of private volunteer organizations and U.S. government agencies such as AID as proof of the positive results that can be obtained through cooperation between the private and public sectors.

Landrum R. Bolling is research professor of diplomacy at the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service. He has also served as president of Earlham College and chairman of the Council on Foundations.

Craig Smith is an independent consultant based in Washington, D.C. His clients include the White House and the UN, for which he is engaged in an effort to build ties between governments and philanthropic organizations.

PUBLISHED IN COOPERATION WITH THE COUNCIL ON FOUNDATIONS

Private Foreign Aid

U.S. Philanthropy for Relief and Development

Landrum R. Bolling with Craig Smith

First published 1982 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1982 by the Council on Foundations, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Bolling, Landrum Rymer.
Private foreign aid.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Economic assistance, American. I. Smith, Craig. II. Title.
HC60.B636 361.70973 82-1867
AACR2

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28428-2 (hbk)

Contents

1. ii
2. iv

Guide

This report is an attempt to examine the issues related to past, present and future U.S. involvement in foreign assistance, and particularly the role of private, voluntary, nongovernmental organizations in those endeavors. It is not an exhaustive, scholarly study of private initiatives in foreign aid, nor is it a philosophical treatise about foreign aid. We seek simply to throw some light on the problems of private grantmaking for international development and to define some of the options. Accordingly, we set down certain basic facts and informed opinions on such questions as these:

• What foreign relief and development services do U.S. voluntary agencies, institutions, and organizations provide, and how?
• Where do private organizations get their funds and how accountable are they for their spending?
• What, if anything, are private organizations doing in the foreign assistance field that government agencies aren't doing just as well or better?
• What, if any, of the foreign assistance activities of government could be just as well or better done by private agencies?
• Do the recipient peoples draw any distinction between, or show any preference for, one form of foreign aid, public or private, over the other?
• What problems have grown out of the increasing use of private organizations to administer aid programs funded by the government? What can be done about them?
• Should the government do more or less to encourage the involvement of private organizations in relief and development programs?
• Are there practical ways in which the various private bodies engaged in foreign aid can work together more effectively?
• Should foundations, corporations, and individual givers expect continuing appeals for contributions to foreign relief and development projects? How can they go about evaluating such appeals?
• Finally, how much good does U.S. assistance, from both government and private sources, do for those who receive it?

Such questions point to the need for more information to back deliberate choices on public policy decisions in determining how the always limited resources, public and private, can be used most effectively. The answers may suggest something about the desired levels of assistance from both private and government agencies. They should also shed some light on what kinds of projects are worthy of support, if and as foreign assistance programs are continued, and what kinds of organizations should undertake them.

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