H. Wayne Moyer - Agricultural Policy Reform: Politics and Process in the Eu and Us in the 1990s

AGRICULTURAL POLICY REFORM

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Politics and process in the EU and US in the 1990s

Wayne Moyer
Rosenfield Professor and Professor of Political Science,
Grinnell College, Iowa

Tim Josling
Professor and Senior Fellow, Institute for International Studies
Stanford University, California

First published 2002 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
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Copyright Wayne Moyer and Tim Josling 2002

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A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 2002074456

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-71999-6 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-315-19524-7 (ebk)

This project was launched in 1996 when the authors, discussing the significant changes to agricultural policy embodied in the 1992 MacSharry reforms in the EU, the 1995 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture, and the 1996 US Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act, decided that these reforms were significant enough to justify a sequel to their 1990 book, Agricultural Policy Reform: Politics and Process in the EC and USA. They met in Minneapolis in the summer of 1997 to develop a research design for the new book.

Work began during the 1997-98 academic year, when Wayne Moyer had a sabbatical. He spent October to January in Washington, DC, where he did research at the National Center for Food and Agricultural Policy and conducted the Washington interviews. During the remainder of the sabbatical, from January to August 1998, he was a Visiting Scholar at Wye College of the University of London (now Imperial College at Wye), carrying out the EU research, and making trips to Belgium, France, Germany and Ireland to conduct interviews. Tim Josling conducted his part of the research at Stanford and also in Oxford, where he taught at Stanford's program from January-March 1998. Moyer and Josling met several times over the course of the year in Washington and the UK to discuss their work, and subsequently in California and in Iowa.

Valuable inputs into our work were an April 1999 symposium on agricultural policy developments in the EU and a June 2000 workshop on policy changes in the EU and the US in relation to the WTO, both sponsored at Stanford by the European Forum, Institute for International Studies. The mix of economic analysis and political science needed to explain the reforms of the 1990s came out clearly in both meetings. With their respective disciplinary perspectives (Moyer as a political scientist and Josling as an economist), the authors found such discussions as stimulating in explaining the significant reforms of the 1990s as they had in their earlier work evaluating the more incremental changes of the 1980s.

Josling and Moyer are grateful to the many people who helped in one way or another with this project. They especially wish to thank Stefan Tangermann and David Orden and the anonymous reviewers who read the entire manuscript, providing detailed and very helpful comments. They also are grateful to Allan Buckwell, Berkeley Hill, Dale Hathaway, David Harvey, Ray Hopkins, Wade Jacoby, Philip Lowe, Rob Paarlberg, Clive Potter and Michael Tracy, who each provided helpful advice at one point or another during the course of the project. Special thanks are due to Hathaway, Buckwell and Tracy in other respects as well. Hathaway, the Director of the National Center for Food and Agricultural Center, provided Moyer with office space and helpful suggestions about people to interview in the Washington phase of the research. Buckwell was a superb host for Moyer at Wye College, welcoming him to academic life there, providing extremely valuable insights about the EU process, and contributing guidance on the Brussels interviews. Tracy shared his vast knowledge of the Common Agricultural Policy and provided a fine list of people to interview, many from a perspective different than that of the anglo-saxon policy analyst.

The authors owe a huge debt of gratitude to Rachel Anderson, Josling's research assistant at Stanford University, for helping with the research, preparing the tables and charts, keeping track of revisions and getting the final manuscript ready for publication. Her careful and tireless work made a major contribution to the quality of the final product.

Moyer greatly appreciates the assistance provided by Grinnell College, and in particular the Rosenfield Program endowment for providing him with generous research support to undertake this project. He also wants to thank Grinnell College students Gordon Rice and Kenneth Yeung for research assistance.

Finally, the authors want to thank their wives, Helen and Anthea, for their unflagging support and encouragement as this project progressed, even if it spread over a somewhat longer period of time than we had originally anticipated.

A series of 37 in-depth interviews was conducted on a non-attribution basis by Wayne Moyer with participants, former participants and close observers of the United States and European Union agricultural policy processes. These interviews took place in Washington DC, during the period from November 1997 to January 1998; and in Brussels, Bonn, Paris and London, during the period from March to June 1988. The domestic policy interviews focused generally on how agricultural policy is made in the USA and EU, with specific discussion of the 1990 and 1996 US farm bills, the 1992 MacSharry reforms and the 1999 Agenda 2000 reforms of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. The international policy interviews focused on the GATT Uruguay Round trade negotiations. The authors wish to thank the various people who were interviewed for giving willingly of their time, for speaking candidly, and for sharing their insights. These individuals were extremely helpful in piecing together the puzzles in US and EU agricultural policy formation and in the Uruguay Round Negotiations.