Wolfram F Hanrieder - Words And Arms: A Dictionary Of Security And Defense Terms

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Words and Arms: A Dictionary of Security and Defense Terms

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About the Book and Authors

Words and Arms: A Dictionary of Security and Defense Terms With Supplementary Data

Wolfram F. Hanrieder and Larry V. Buel

This comprehensive dictionary of terms frequently used in discussions of national security and defense policy contains approximately 800 entries on weapons systems, strategy concepts, military organization, and related items. Part 2 presents a more extensive treatment of such concepts as strategic force doctrine and deployment, Soviet and U.S. policies regarding the employment of tactical nuclear weapons, guidelines for assessing the Soviet-U.S. military balance, and the structure and function of U.S. general purpose forces. Part 3 contains tables, charts, and statistics on the performance of U.S. and Soviet missiles and aircraft; quantifications of the Soviet-U.S. strategic balance; comparative statistics for U.S. and Soviet defense activities; and tables on arms control agreements and related items.

Wolfram F. Hanrieder is professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara. He is currently visiting professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies in Bologna, Italy. Larry V. Buel is a UCLA Foundation Graduate Fellow.

First published 1979 by Westview Press

Published 2018 by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1979 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Hanrieder, Wolfram F.

Words and arms.

Bibliography: p.

1. Military art and scienceDictionaries. 2. Military policy-Dictionaries. 3. National

security-Dictionaries. I. Buel, Larry V., joint author. II. Title

U24.H33355'.00379-147

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-21406-7 (hbk)

Contents

1. ii
2. iii
3. x
4. xi

Guide

Words and Arms: A Dictionary of Security and Defense Terms

Part 1
Terms and Definitions

A

A-6 : Navy and Marine Corps night or bad weather attack aircraft.

A-7 : Navy and Air Force attack aircraft.

A-10 : Air Force attack aircraft designed mainly for close air support.

ABM (Antiballistic Missile/Interceptor Missile) : A defensive missile designed to intercept and destroy a strategic offensive ballistic missile or its payload. This term is used interchangeably with ballistic missile defense interceptor missile. ABM interceptor missiles are generally divided into three classes: (1) those which attempt to destroy attacking missiles very early in their flight and before the attacking missiles deploy penetration aids; (2) those which attempt to destroy attacking ballistic missiles at relatively long range outside the atmosphere; and (3) those which attempt to destroy attacking missiles at relatively short range in the atmosphere (terminal interceptors). All Soviet ABM (Galosh) interceptor missiles employ nuclear warheads. However, all ABMs are not interceptors; some are area-type weapons.

The deactivated Safeguard ABM system utilized two types of interceptor missiles: Spartan and Sprint. Spartan was a long-range, 55-foot, three-stage missile launched from an underground silo and intended to destroy or disable attacking missiles beyond the atmosphere. Sprint was a shorter-range, 27-foot, two-stage missile launched from an underground silo and intended for terminal defense against reentry vehicles in the atmosphere.

Absolute Dud : A nuclear weapon that fails to explode when launched at or emplaced on a target.

Absolute Weapon : A weapons system of such theoretically total and final effect that it is likely to prevent any type of war.

Absorbed Dose : The amount of energy imparted by nuclear (or ionizing) radiation to unit mass of absorbing material. The unit is the rad.

Absorber : Neutron absorbers like boron and cadmium, which are used in control rods for reactors, that absorb the intensity of ionizing radiation.

Acceleration Error : An error caused by the deflection of the vertical reference as a result of any change in aircraft velocity.

Accidental Attack : An unintended attack that occurs without deliberate national design as a direct result of a random event such as a mechanical failure, a simple human error, or an unauthorized action by a subordinate.

Ace High System : The first modern military communications capability, established in the 1960s when SHAPE (Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe) installed the Ace High Troop-scatter System, providing high capacity microwave voice and telegraph circuits throughout the area of Allied Command Europe, from the northern tip of Norway through central Europe and the Mediterranean to the eastern part of Turkey.

Acheson-Lilienthal Report : See Baruch Plan.

Active Air Defense : Direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. It includes such measures as the use of aircraft, interceptor missiles, air defense artillery, non-air defense weapons in an air defense role, and electronic countermeasures and counter-countermeasures.

Active Defense : The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy.

Active Deterrence : Strategic threat designed to deter enemy aggression against the friends and allies of a nuclear power and the military forces of that power stationed abroad.

Active Electronic Countermeasures : Electronic countermeasures that involve active, detectable emissions; for example, jamming (the deliberate radiating or re-radiating of electronic signals to obliterate or obscure signals the enemy is attempting to receive) and deception (the deliberate radiating or re-radiating of electronic signals to mislead the enemy in his interpretation of signals received by his electronic equipment).

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