First published 1999 by M.E. Sharpe
Published 2015 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 1999 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notices
No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use of operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Mongolia in the twentieth century : landlocked cosmopolitan / edited by Stephen Kotkin and Bruce A. Elleman.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 07656-0535-X (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 07656-05368 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. MongoliaHistory20th century. I. Kotkin, Stephen.
II. Elleman, Bruce A., 1959. III.Title : Mongolia in the 20th century.
DS798.75.M653 1999
951.705dc21 9944518
CIP
ISBN 13: 9780765605368 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 9780765605351 (hbk)
Stephen Kotkin is associate professor in the history department at Princeton University. Author of Steeltown, USSR: Soviet Society in the Gorbachev Era (1991) and Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as Civilization (1995), he is currently writing a book on the Ob River Basin, 15002000.
Bruce A. Elleman is assistant professor at Texas Christian University, where he teaches Chinese, Russian, and Japanese history. Author of Diplomacy and Deception: The Secret History of Sino-Soviet Diplomatic Relations, 19171927 (1997), he is currently writing a military history of modern China.
Christopher P. Atwood is assistant professor of Mongolian history in the Central Eurasian Studies department at Indiana University. He is completing a book, tentatively entitled Between Two Revolutions: Young Mongols and Vigilantes in Inner Mongolias Interregnum Decade, 19211931.
Tsedendambyn Batbayar is Director-General, Department of Policy Planning and Coordination, Ministry of External Relations, Mongolia. He has written Modern Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar, 1986) and Mongolia and Japan in the First Half of the Twentieth Century (Ulaanbaatar, 1998). His current research interests include Mongolias Asia-Pacific security and foreign relations.
Elena Boikova is a Senior Researcher at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Her publications include the Bibliography of Mongolian Studies in Russia in 19921997 (Moscow, 1997), and she is currently writing a book on modern Mongolian intellectuals.
J. Boldbaatar is the Head of the Department of History, National University of Mongolia, and a member of Mongolias Constitutional Court. His publications include Historical Overview of Mongolias State and Legal Traditions (Ulaanbaatar, 1997), and he is currently researching Mongolian political history.
Elizabeth Endicott is associate professor in the history department at Middlebury College. She is the author of Mongolian Rule in China: Local Administration in the Yuan Dynasty (1989), and coauthor of The Modernization of Inner Asia (1991). She is currently working on a book manuscript detailing the 1910 Moscow Trade Expedition to Moscow.
Tom Ginsburg received his J.D. and Ph.D. (specializing in Jurisprudence and Social Policy) from the University of California at Berkeley. He has worked for the Asia Foundation in Mongolia. In 2000 he was appointed Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
A. Hurelbaatar is a professor at the Institute of Mongolian Language and Literature, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hhhot. His publications include The Transformation of the Inner Mongolian Pastoral Economy: The Case of Hulun Buir, Culture and Environment in Inner Asia, vol. 2. He participated as a researcher on the MacArthur project on the Environment and Cultural Conservation in Inner Asia at Cambridge University, and is currently doing field work in Aga Buriat Autonomous District in Russia.
Mei-hua Lan received her Ph.D. in Inner Asian and Altaic Studies from Harvard University in 1996. She is an associate professor in the Department of Ethnology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Yeshen-Khorlo Dugarova-Montgomery received her Ph.D. from the College of Oriental Studies, Leningrad University, and has served as a staff researcher in the Department of Linguistics of the Buriat Institute of Social Science (Ulan-Ude). Her publications include Glagolnyi vidvsovremennom mongols kom iazyke (Verbal Aspect in Modern Mongolian) (Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1991).
Robert Montgomery received his Ph.D. in Russian history from Indiana University in 1995, and is currently the Slavic Acquisitions Coordinator of the Indiana Research Library. His publications include Buddhist Monastic Education in Prerevolutionary Buriatia, East/West Education, vol. 17, no. 12 (1996).
Nakami Tatsuo is a professor at the Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. He has edited The Bordered Red Banners Archives, Chien-lung Period (1993), and coauthored Inner Asia: a World History from a Regional Perspective, volume 6 (1992).
David Sneath is an Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Cambridge, and a Research Fellow of the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit. He is coauthor of The End of Nomadism: Society, State and the Environment in Inner Asia (1999), and author of a forthcoming book Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State