Sten Widmalm - Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia

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The essays of this handbook dissect the trends towards creeping authoritarianism in South Asia. Even India, long a poster boy of third world democracy, appears to be catching up with its neighbours in a non-democratic regime convergence. However, instead of merely confirming Huntingtons deterministic pessimism regarding non-western democracy, or jumping on to wide-eyed bushy-tailed advocacy, authors of this important volume follow a third trajectory, based on fine-grained empirical analysis and empathy with their subject, within a comparative framework. This handbook should become an indispensable tool for the people of South Asia, as well as for outsiders looking in.

Subrata Mitra, Emeritus Professor of Political Science at Heidelberg University, and Adjunct Professor, Dublin City University.

Situating South Asias democratic trends in a broad historical context, this wide-ranging volume addresses a crucial, timely and policy-relevant question: why is democracy faltering in the worlds most populous region? While authoritarianism was the twentieth centurys historical norm, recent democratic improvements have faltered and even reversed. Assembling the best regional experts, this book exposes the proximate cause of regional democratic backsliding leaders invoking cultural identities to legitimate non-democratic behaviour while underscoring its deeper and more enduring institutional roots. It will serve as indispensable reading for regional experts, democracy watchers and policymakers alike.

Maya Tudor, Associate Professor, Blavatnik School of Government, Fellow, St Hildas College, Oxford University.

Studies of democratic decline in South Asia tend to focus on just one country. This excellent and timely volume brings together leading scholars of Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan and Bangladeshi politics and society to explore, across a range of issues, whats similar and whats different about recent democratic weakening in the region. Indispensable.

Steven I. Wilkinson, Henry R. Luce Director, MacMillan Center, Nilekani Professor of India and South Asian Studies, Department of Political Science, Yale University.

Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia

This handbook offers a comprehensive analysis of the processes and actors contributing to autocratization in South Asia. It provides an enhanced understanding of the interconnectedness of the different states in the region, and how that may be related to autocratization.

The book analyzes issues of state power, the support for political parties, questions relating to economic actors and sustainable economic development, the role of civil society, questions of equality and political culture, political mobilization, the role of education and the media, as well as topical issues such as the Covid pandemic, environmental issues, migration, and military and international security. Structured in five sections, contributions by international experts describe and explain outcomes at the national level in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The final section analyzes conditions for democracy and autocratization and how they are affected by the interplay of political forces at the international level in this region.

• India building an ethnic state?
• Pakistan the decline of civil liberties
• Bangladesh towards one-party rule
• Sri Lanka the resilience of the ethnic state
• How to comprehend autocratization in South Asia three broad perspectives

This innovative handbook is the first to describe and to explain ongoing trends of autocratization in South Asia, demonstrating that drivers of political change also work across boundaries. It is an important reference work for students and researchers of South Asian Studies, Asian Studies, Area Studies and Political Science.

Sten Widmalm is Professor in Political Science at the Department of Government, Uppsala University, Sweden. He has carried out extensive research on crisis management, political tolerance, democracy and conflicts in a global comparative perspective. His recent publications include Political Tolerance in the Global South Images from India, Pakistan and Uganda (Routledge, 2016).

Routledge Handbook of Autocratization in South Asia

Edited by Sten Widmalm

Cover image: Election campaign 1991, photo by Sten Widmalm

First published 2022

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2022 selection and editorial matter, Sten Widmalm; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Sten Widmalm to be identified as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Widmalm, Sten, editor.

Title: Routledge handbook of autocratization in South Asia / edited by Sten Widmalm.

Other titles: Handbook of autocratization in South Asia

Description: First Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2022. |Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021031304 | ISBN 9780367486747 (Hardback) |ISBN 9781032151021 (Paperback) | ISBN 9781003042211 (eBook)

Subjects: LCSH: AuthoritarianismAsia, South.

Classification: LCC JC480 .R685 2022 | DDC 320.53dc23/eng/20211012

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021031304

ISBN: 978-0-367-48674-7 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-03-215102-1 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-00-304221-1 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003042211

Typeset in Bembo

by Newgen Publishing UK

Contents

1. 1. Sandra Grahn, Staffan I. Lindberg and Sten Widmalm
2. 1. Devin K. Joshi
   2. Amrita Basu
   3. umit Ganguly
   4. Dinoo Anna Mathew
   5. Anwesha Dutta and Kenneth Bo Nielsen
   6. Zoya Hasan
   7. Kenneth Bo Nielsen and Alf Gunvald Nilsen
   8. Soundarya Chidambaram
   9. Patrick Heller
   10. Christophe Jaffrelot
3. 1. Ian Talbot
   2. Aiysha Varraich
   3. Rizvan Saeed
   4. Moeen Cheema
   5. Ahmad Salim and Rizvan Saeed
   6. Marc Lanteigne
4. 1. Ali Riaz
   2. Shelley Feldman
   3. Maren Aase
   4. Asheque Haque
   5. Arild Engelsen Ruud
   6. Serdar Yilmaz and Syed Khaled Ahsan
5. 1. Neil DeVotta
   2. Farah Mihlar
   3. Sandya Hewamanne
   4. ivind Fuglerud
6. 1. Sten Widmalm
   2. Johan Lagerkvist
   3. David G. Lewis

Illustrations

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