Ithiel de Sola Pool - Politics in Wired Nations: Selected Writings of Ithiel De Sola Pool

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Politics in Wired Nations

Politics in Wired Nations

Selected Writings of Ithiel de Sola Pool

edited, and with an introduction by
Lloyd S. Etheredge

First published 1998 by Transaction Publishers

Published 2017 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon 0X14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1998 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Catalog Number: 97-51703

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Pool, Ithiel de Sola, 1917-

Politics in wired nations : selected writings of Ithiel de Sola Pool / edited, and with an introduction by Lloyd S. Etheredge.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-56000-344-8 (alk. paper)

1. TelecommunicationSocial aspects. 2. TelecommunicationTechnological innovations. 3. Communication in politics. 4. Information technologySocial aspects. I. Etheredge, Lloyd S. II. Title. HE7631P6581998

303.4833dc21 97-51703

CIP

ISBN 13: 978-1-56000-344-1 (hbk)

To the memory of Ithiel de Sola Pool

Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

Across forty years Ithiel de Sola Pool wrote, co-authored, or edited more than two dozen books and several hundred articles. He contributed to the development of the social sciences and to almost every field within political science. This volume brings together selections from his work concerning communication systems, and especially the social and political impact of communications technology.

I have many debts. The responsibility for the final selections is my own, but many of Ithiels former colleagues and students gave advice, and they deepened my knowledge of the development of social science. I especially want to thank Jean Pool, who helped at each step. And to express my appreciation to Jonathan Pool who facilitated the scanning of publications and other logistics, and to the archives at the University of Chicago, at Yale University (for access to the Harold Lasswell papers) and at MIT where Helen Samuels has helped to organize the papers of Ithiel Pool and Ed Davy checked the preliminary bibliography. Also to the holders of the original copyrights who generously granted permission to reprint these selections.

Beyond selecting papers of enduring value, I have applied two other tests:

First, from each selection, was something being communicated of wider benefit, a sense of becoming more in contact with reality and a broader perspective? Would a reader learn something not just about the American Congress and a foreign trade bill, but a way of seeing a communication system that could apply to other cases?

Second, was there something ahead of its time? Did it bear rereading not only as a classic introduction to its subject, but also because a fresh look in a new historical context allows ideas, emphases, or turns of mind to emerge? Did it contribute, in conversation with the other selections in this volume, to a wider vision and set of current implications? In an introduction to each section I have suggested where I think this is true.

Lloyd S. Etheredge

February 1997

Political Communication: Introduction by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Reprinted with permission of Macmillan Reference USA, a Division of Simon & Schuster, from International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, David L. Sills, editor, vol. 3, pp. 90-96. Copyright 1968 by Crowell Collier and Macmillan, Inc. Copyright renewed (c) 1996.

Contacts and Influence by Ithiel de Sola Pool and Manfred Kochen. Reprinted from Social Networks: An International Journal of Structural Analysis, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 5-51, with kind permission from Elsevier ScienceNL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25, 1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Trends in Content Analysis Today: A Summary by Ithiel de Sola Pool from Trends in Content Analysis. Copyright 1987 by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Used with permission of the University of Illinois Press.

Foresight and Hindsight: The Case of the Telephone by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Reprinted with permission from The Social Impact of the Telephone, 1977, pp. 127-57. Copyright (c) 1977 MIT Press.

Communication Technology and Land Use by Ithiel de Sola Pool from Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, vol. 451, pp. 1-12. Copyright (c) 1980. Reprinted by Permission of Sage Publications, Inc.

Tracking the Flow of Information by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Reprinted with permission from Science, vol. 221, no. 4611, 1983, pp. 609-13. Copyright (c) 1983 American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Citizen Feedback in Political Philosophy by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Reprinted with permission from Talking Back: Citizen Feedback and Cable Technology, 1973, pp. 237-26. Copyright (c) 1973 MIT Press.

Communication and Integrated Planning by Ithiel de Sola Pool from Media Asia, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 152-55. Reprinted by permission of Media Asia.

Policies for Freedom from Technologies of Freedom by Ithiel de Sola Pool. Copyright 1983 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Reprinted by permission of Harvard University Press.

Most movements that are self-described as radical are highly urbanistic, or nationalistic, or oriented to obsolete class structures, or to central bureaucratic planning. The changes that we can see on the horizon are much more drastic than that... People who think about social change in traditional political terms cannot begin to imagine the changes that lie ahead. Conventional reformers cast their programs in terms of national policies, or in terms of laws and central planning. But in the end, what will shape the future is a creative potential that inheres in the new technologies.

Ithiel de Sola Pool (1983)

Ithiel de Sola Pool was one of the most original thinkers in the development of the social sciences and a distinguished scholar of the political process. For thirty years he directed the Research Program on Communications at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Politics in Wired Nations presents a selection of his pioneering work that explores different communication systems in society and politics and especially the impact of new communications technologies.

Among the classic studies included in this volume are:

• The first study of trends to a global information society.
• The first study of social networks and the small world phenomenon that creates new relationships and routes of informal influence and political power, domestic and international.
• The politics of foreign trade and the influence of businessmen on foreign policy.

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