Humane
Politics
and Methods
of Inquiry
Humane
Politics
and Methods
of Inquiry
Ithiel de Sola Pool
edited by Lloyd S. Etheredge
First published 2000 by Transaction Publishers
Published 2017 by Routledge
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Copyright 2000 by Taylor & Francis.
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Library of Congress Catalog Number: 00-020761
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Pool, Ithiel de Sola, 1917-
Humane politics and methods of inquiry / edited, and with an introduction by Lloyd S. Etheredge.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-56000-401-0 (cloth : alk. paper)
1. Social sciencesData processing. 2. Social sciencesComputer simulation. 3. Social sciencesForecasting. II. Title.
U61.3 .P66 2000
300dc21
00-020761
ISBN 13: 978-1-4128-5709-3 (pbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-56000-401-1 (hbk)
To readers who, like Ithiel Pool, wish to think for themselves
Contents
List of Tables
1964 Simulation Results (7-Factor Simulations Showing Percentage for Johnson).
Relative Concentration on Various Technologies in History of Technology Literature.
Relative Concentration on Various Technologies in Social Impact and Trend Literature of 1930s and 1940s.*
100-Day Contacts of Respondents
Number of Acquaintances by Occupation.
Subjects age compared with his acquaintances age.
Sex of subject and sex of acquaintance.
Religion of subject and religion of acquaintance.
Frequency distribution of contacts with acquaintances.
Contact frequency distribution for one person.
Distribution of contact in an unstructured net.
List of Figures
Crisiscom General Flow Chart
Message Input Flow for a Decision Maker on a Decision Day (Third Approximation)
Relationship between Date Invented and Attention in the Social Impact Literature of the Thirties for Transportation and Communication Technology
Networks of Different Structuredness
Structure in a Population
Effect of Structure
Acquaintanceship Ogives
A Directed Graph
An Incidence Matrix
Ithiel Pools Major Contributions to the Social Sciences
Ithiel Pool as a Communication Technology Theorist and Science-Based Revolutionary
Ithiel Pools Operational Code as a Pioneer
What Ithiel Pool Would Be Doing Today
The Retreat of Social Science, 1954Present
This volume emphasizes pioneering contributions of Ithiel de Sola Pool to the development of social science research methods that are likely to be more widely used in the years ahead. The reader also may wish to consult a companion volume that focuses on his contributions to understanding the social and political effects of new communications technology: Lloyd S. Etheredge (ed.), Politics in Wired Nations: Selected Writings of Ithiel de Sola Pool (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1998). The earlier volume includes a bibliography of his writing and a brief biography.
I have many debts in the preparation of this volume, to Ithiels former colleagues and students, to Mrs. Jean Pool, and to others acknowledged in the earlier volume. To the Policy Science Center Inc., a nonprofit foundation founded at Yale Law School in 1948 by Ithiel Pools former teacher and friend, Harold Lasswell, which has provided a professional home for the vision to unite science and the humanities in a commitment to public policy. And also to David Thorburn at MIT and the Markle Foundation for the invitation to present an earlier draft of the paper, Whats Next? The Intellectual Legacy of Ithiel de Sola Pool, included here, at a symposium at MIT in the spring of 1997.
Lloyd Etheredge
Symbols, Meaning, and Social Science, by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in Symbols and Values: An Initial Study (1954) edited by Lyman Bryson, Louis Finkelstein, R.M. MacIver, and Richard McKeon. New York: Harper and Brothers. Reprinted by permission.
Content Analysis and the Intelligence Function, by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in Politics, Personality, and Social Science in the Twentieth Century: Essays in Honor of Harold D. Lasswell, (1969) edited by Arnold A. Rogow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. C 1969 by The University of Chicago Press. All rights reserved.
Scratches on Social Science: Images, Symbols, and Stereotypes, by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in The Mixing of Peoples: Problems of Identity and Ethnicity (1978), edited by Robert I. Rotberg. Stamford, CT: Greylock Publishers.
The Simulmatics Project, by Ithiel de Sola Pool and Robert Abelson first appeared in Public Opinion Quarterly 25, no. 2 (Summer 1961). Reprinted by permission.
A Postscript on the 1964 Election, by Ithiel de Sola Pool, Robert P. Abelson, and Samuel L. Popkin first appeared in The American Behavioral Scientist 8, no. 9 (May 1965). Reprinted by permission.
The Kaiser, the Tsar, and the Computer: Information Processing in a Crisis, by Ithiel de Sola Pool and Allan Kessler first appeared in The American Behavioral Scientist 8, no. 9 (May 1965). Reprinted by permission.
The International System in the Next Half-Century, by Ithiel de Sola Pool reprinted by permission of Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, from the issue entitled Toward the Year 2000: Work in Progress, Summer 1967, Vol. 96, No. 3.
The Art of the Social Science Soothsayer, by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in Forecasting in International Relations: Theory, Methods, Problems, Prospects (1978), edited by Nazli Choucri and Thomas W. Robinson. San Francisco, CA: W.H. Freeman and Company. Reprinted by permission.
Hindsight and Foresight: The Case of the Telephone, by Ithiel de Sola Pool, reprinted from The Social Impact of the Telephone, 1977. Copyright 1973, MIT Press.
Contacts and Influence, by Ithiel de Sola Pool and Manfred Kochen, reprinted from Social Networks 1, no. 1 with kind permission from Elsevier ScienceNL, Sara Burgerhartstraat 25.1055 KV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Some Facts about Values, by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in PS 3, no. 2 (Spring 1970). Reprinted by permission.
What Ferment? by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in Journal of Communications 33, no. 3 (Summer 1983). Reprinted by permission.
How Powerful is Business? by Ithiel de Sola Pool first appeared in Does Big Business Rule America (1981), edited by Robert Hessen. Washington, DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center. Reprinted by permission.
