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H. Paul Thompson - A Most Stirring and Significant Episode: Religion and the Rise and Fall of Prohibition in Black Atlanta, 1865–1887

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A Most Stirring and Significant Episode: Religion and the Rise and Fall of Prohibition in Black Atlanta, 1865–1887
Author:
H Paul Thompson / Jr
Publisher:
Cornell University Press
Genre:
Books / Politics
Year:
2012
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When Atlanta enacted prohibition in 1885, it was the largest city in the United States to do so. A Most Stirring and Significant Episode examines the rise of temperance sentiment among freed African Americans that made this vote possibleas well as the forces that resulted in its 1887 reversal well before the 18th Amendment to the Constitution created a national prohibition in 1919.

H. Paul Thompson Jr.s research also sheds light on the profoundly religious nature of African American involvement in the temperance movement. Contrary to the prevalent depiction of that movement as being one predominantly led by white, female activists like Carrie Nation, Thompson reveals here that African Americans were central to the rise of prohibition in the south during the 1880s. As such, A Most Stirring and Significant Episode offers a new take on the proliferation of prohibition and will not only speak to scholars of prohibition in the US and beyond, but also to historians of religion and the African American experience.

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2013 by Northern Illinois University Press

Published by the Northern Illinois University Press, DeKalb, Illinois 60115

Manufactured in the United States using acid-free paper.

Design by Shaun Allshouse

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Thompson, H. Paul.

A most stirring and significant episode : religion and the rise and fall of prohibition in Black Atlanta, 18651887 / H. Paul Thompson Jr.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-87580-458-3 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-60909-073-9 (electronic)

1. ProhibitionGeorgiaAtlantaHistory19th century. 2. TemperanceGeorgiaAtlantaHistory19th century. 3. Temperance and religionGeorgiaAtlantaHistory19th century. 4. African AmericansAlcohol useGeorgiaAtlantaHistory19th century. 5. African AmericansReligionHistory19th century. 6. African AmericansSocial conditions19th century. I. Title.

HV5090.G4T46 2012

363.41089960730758231dc23

2012030682

To God be the Glory

Harold Thompson, in memoriam

For all you have given

Mary Thompson

Martha Bagley

Robin Rutan-Thompson

Contents

Part I

The Evangelical Reform Nexus Roots of Nineteenth-Century Temperance, 17851865

Introducing the Freed People to Temperance, 18651876

Northern Temperance Targets Southern Blacks, 18771890

Part II

Black Atlantas Efforts to Institutionalize a Temperance-Based Moral Community

Atlantas 1885 Local Option Election

Atlantas 1887 Local Option Election

Our Enterprise Flows from the Gospel of Christ

The Message Trickles South

The Trickle Becomes a Flood

Taking Ownership

The Most Enthusiastic Election Ever Held in This Country

The Dry Years, 18851887

Prohibition Revisited

This book began over ten years ago in the mind of an anxious graduate student, and as in all such endeavors, over the years I have incurred innumerable debts to many wonderful people. While the ideas and arguments within these pages are largely mine, the strength of their articulation draws on untold hours of conversation with friends and mentors and innumerable instances of editing based on their comments.

I first want to honor James Roark, the man who taught me, by example, the meaning of the phrase a gentleman and a scholar. I will always be grateful for his consummate professionalism, his wise and gentle spirit, and the liberty he granted me to explore my interests wherever they led. I will forever cherish our many conversations about my research and academia in general. Much of the credit for any clarity of writing I achieve must be attributed to E. Brooks Holifield. Dr. Holifield taught me almost everything I know about good academic writing and how to teach it. I thank Leroy Davis for suggesting I visit the Rockefeller Archives Center. It turned out to be an unexpectedly profitable lead in more ways than one.

To my mentors from afar, Jack Blocker, Jr. and David Fahey, I thank you for graciously taking me under your wing, when you did not have to, and molding me into a temperance scholar. Your generous and selfless investment in my scholarship and career truly represents the best academia has to offer.

To those who have read all (Jack Blocker, Jr., Allison Dorsey, Jack Shuler) or parts (Jacqueline Jones, David Fahey, Paul Yandle, Joseph Moore, John Thabiti Willis) of this work in one form or another and provided much generous feedback, a great big thank you! Also, thanks to the anonymous NIU Press reviewers who both praised and challenged me. I really struggled with some of your advice, but I needed it.

One of the unexpected pleasures encountered while writing this book has been to make the acquaintance of Linda Bryan, who, like myself, is a former secondary school teacher. Your enthusiasm for research, great memory, generous spirit, and incredible editing skills are truly amazing and greatly appreciated.

The number of librarians and archivists Ive worked with for over a decade now is staggering. Archivists are truly a historians best friend. Their consistent attentiveness to my ever evolvingand sometimes revolvingresearch was indispensable.

Thank you Mark, Susan, and the whole NIU Press team for your patience and kindness as I bombarded you with tons of questions. Your timely email responses made the process manageable.

A major part of writing this book has been a seemingly endless series of research trips that almost invariably ended too soon. I have traveled to over 20 archives and research libraries in over half a dozen states to pursue what was supposed to be a local research project. On most of these trips, old friends and new have graciously housed me for daysand on occasion, weeksto defray my research expenses. I owe you all many thanks for putting up with what I am sure were excessively loquacious answers to little-more-than-courteous and perfunctory inquiries about my research. My sincerest gratitude goes to Stacy and Lily Boyd, Dan and Donna Cassidy, Ken and Lori Hoogstra, Jim and Danalee Littel, Bishop David and Rose Karaya, Frank and Jenae McKnight, Rabbi George and Debbie Stern, and Georgia Williams.

I am also thankful for those organizations who believed in me enough to support financially my research: the Rockefeller Archives Center, the Emory University History Department, the Gilder Lehrman Institute for American History, the American Congregational Association/Boston Athenum Fellowship program, and North Greenville University.

In the spring of 2011 I taught an upper level seminar called Religion and Reform in Nineteenth-Century America. I had a small group of dedicated, passionate students who made the three-hour class fly by every Tuesday evening. They read through every chapter of my manuscript and bravely interrogated my thinking and the articulation of my ideas, ultimately making for a better book. You all were awesome: Sam Andrews, Kimberly Friedrichs, Anna Hoxie, Emily Hoffman, Dianna Murray, and Sarah Scott.

But most of all, I thank my parents, my Aunt Martha, and my wife, Robin, for your prayers and support. I love you all very much. I couldnt have written this book without you.

1808 First temperance society formed by Dr. Billy J. Clark and Rev. Lebbeus Armstrong in Moreau, NY

1814 The American Tract Society founded as the New England Tract Society

1816 African Methodist Episcopal Churchs first General Conference

1825 Reverend Lyman Beecher preaches Six Sermons on the Nature, Occasions, Signs, Evil, and Remedy of Intemperance

1826 American Temperance Society founded

1830 1831 Charles Finneys Rochester, NY, revival

1832 American Baptist Home Mission Society founded

1836 American Temperance Union organized on the teetotal principle

1846 American Missionary Association founded

1851 Maine passes first statewide prohibition law

1865 National Temperance Society and Publication House founded

AME missionary William Gaines arrives in Atlanta and organizes Bethel AME

The first AMA missionary, Frederick Ayer, arrives in Atlanta

1866 Storrs School opened by the American Missionary Association

1867 Frederick Ayer organizes first temperance society in Black Atlanta in the Storrs School

1869 Atlanta University opened by the American Missionary Association National Prohibition Party founded

1870 First Odd Fellows Lodge organized in Black Atlanta

1871 First Prince Hall Masonic Lodge organized in Black Atlanta

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