Robert Justin Goldstein - Political Repression in 19th Century Europe

ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: POLITICAL SCIENCE

POLITICAL REPRESSION IN 19TH CENTURY EUROPE

By

ROBERT J. GOLDSTEIN

Volume 24

First published 1983

This edition first published in 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1983 Robert J. Goldstein

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced, or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 10: 0-415-49111-8 (Set)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-49111-2 (Set)

ISBN 10: 0-415-55564-7 (Volume 24)
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-55564-7 (Volume 24)

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Political Repression in 19th Century Europe

ROBERT J. GOLDSTEIN

CROOM HELM London & Canberra BARNES & NOBLE BOOKS Totowa, New Jersey

1983 Robert J. Goldstein
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT
Croom Helm Australia, P.O. Box 391, Manuka,
ACT 2603, Australia

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Goldstein, Robert Justin

Political repression in nineteenth century Europe.

1. ViolenceEuropeHistory

2. EuropePolitics and government19th Century

I. Title

322.42 D368

ISBN 0-7099-0118-6

First published in the USA 1983 by

Barnes & Noble Books

81 Adams Drive

Totowa, New Jersey, 07512

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Goldstein, Robert Justin.

political repression in nineteenth century Europe.

Includes bibliographies references and index.

1. EuropePolitics and government1789-1900.

2. Opposition (Political science) 3. Dissenters

Europe. I. Title.

D363.G58 1983 323.49094 83-10541

ISBN 0-389-20419-6

Printed and bound in Great Britain

Biography

Robert Justin Goldstein is emeritus professor of political science at Oakland University in Michigan and currently research associate at the Center for Russia, E. European & Eurasian Studies at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Professor Goldstein has authored or edited about 15 books, all focused on civil liberties in modern European and American history, including Political Censorship of the Arts & the Press in 19th-Century Europe (1989), Censorship of Political Caricature in 19th-Century France (1989), (ed.) The War for the Public Mind: Political Censorship in 19th-Century Europe (2000), (ed.) The Frightful Stage: Political Censorship of the Theater in 19th-Century Europe (2008) and (co-ed.), Political Censorship of the Visual Arts in19th-Century Europe: Arresting Images (2015).

Contents

Part One
TECHNIQUES OF POLITICAL REPRESSION IN NINETEENTHCENTURY EUROPE

Part Two
A HISTORY OF POLITICAL REPRESSION IN NINETEENTHCENTURY EUROPE

Part Three
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Acknowledgments

I am deeply indebted to Oakland University and to a number of its employees and departments for providing essential assistance that made the preparation and publication of this book possible. Most of all, I am grateful for the invaluable and indispensable assistance of Anne Lalas, editorial associate of the College of Arts and Sciences of Oakland University, who supervised the final typing of the manuscript, read and edited the entire book, and in innumerable ways played a vital role in all decisions involved with style, design and layout of the book. Mrs. Lalass assistance was not only crucial to the preparation of the final manuscript, but was rendered with great efficiency, patience, enthusiasm and cheerfulness. I am also indebted to the Office of the Dean, College of Arts and Sciences at Oakland University, and to the Department of Political Science for generously allowing me to take two years off from my teaching duties to complete the research and writing of the manuscript, and to the Department of Political Science, the Office of the Provost and the Office of Research Services for providing critical financial assistance. The actual typing of the final manuscript was done primarily, and with great speed and efficiency, by Beth Huffman. She was assisted by Anne Ahearn and Lora Ratliff. In addition to the individuals and offices associated with Oakland University, I am deeply indebted to Peter Stearns, Professor of History and Editor of the Journal of Social History at CarnegieMellon University in Pittsburgh, for his enormous encouragement and help throughout the more than five years involved in the preparation of this book. Professor Stearns graciously read hundreds of pages of manuscript and unfailingly provided quick and helpful comments that have improved the final work immeasurably. Needless to say, I alone bear final responsibility for whatever errors and deficiencies remainand would greatly appreciate their being brought to my attention.

Scattered portions of this book draw on material that appeared previously as Political Repression and Political Development in Comparative Social Research , vol. 4 (1981) and as Freedom of the Press in Europe, 18151914, in Journalism Monographs, no. 80 (February 1983). I am most grateful for permission to borrow from these publications.

Introduction

The primary purpose of this book is to bring together in one convenient volume material related to the subject of political repression in nineteenthcentury Europe. Although reference to this topic is made in many general and specialized studies of the period, there currently exists no single source that covers the entire Continent over the time span included herein. Many studies exist that focus on other subjects that affected all of Europe during the nineteenth centuryfor example, urbanization, industrialization and nationalismyet the topic of restrictions on political liberty and popular struggles against such restrictions has been curiously neglected, save for specialized treatment of individual countries and/or relatively short time periods. Thus, the reader interested in obtaining an overview of this subject has been forced to consult literally hundreds of books and articles.

This book seeks to be of use to both the specialist in European social and political history and the interested layperson. A considerable amount of general background information is included. Most specialists will be familiar with it, but the average lay reader should find it useful in putting material on political repression into a broader context. Of course, in any study dealing with approximately twenty countries over a one-hundred-year period, it is frequently necessary to reduce, in the words of the great British historian E. J. Hobsbawm, extremely important information to a paragraph or two, a line, a passing mention or a mere nuance of treatment where it is not omitted altogether (1979:xiv).