PATTERNS OF CONSTITUTIONAL DESIGN
Patterns of Constitutional Design
The Role of Citizens and Elites in Constitution-Making
Edited by
JONATHAN WHEATLEY
FERNANDO MENDEZ
both at Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (c2d),
Centre for Democracy Studies Aarau (ZDA) at the University of Zurich,
Switzerland
First published 2013 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Patterns of constitutional design : the role of citizens and elites in constitution-making.
1. Constitutional law--Africa. 2. Constitutional law--Europe. 3. Constitutional law--
South America. 4. Political participation--Africa. 5. Political participation--Europe.
6. Political participation--South America. 7. Elite (Social sciences)--Political activity--
Africa. 8. Elite (Social sciences)--Political activity--Europe. 9. Elite (Social sciences)--
Political activity--South America.
I. Wheatley, Jonathan. II. Mendez, Fernando, 1972
342'.02-dc23
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Patterns of constitutional design : the role of citizens and elites in constitution-making / by Jonathan Wheatley and Fernando Mendez.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4094-6088-6 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-3155-9976-2 (ebook) -- ISBN 978-1-3170-8304-7 (epub) 1. Constitutional law--Political aspects. 2. Constitutional law--Social aspects. 3. Constitutional law--Citizen participation. 4. Conflict management--Political aspects. 5. Democratization. 6. Political participation--Social aspects. I. Wheatley, Jonathan, 1964 II. Mendez, Fernando, 1972
K3165.P374 2013
342.02--dc23
2013000258
ISBN 9781409460886 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315599762 (ebk-PDF)
ISBN 9781317083047 (ebk-ePUB)
Contents
Prologue: Constitutional Conventions, Constitutional Change
and Democracy
Andreas Auer
Introduction
Fernando Mendez and Jonathan Wheatley
1 The Constitution-Making Process: An Analytical Framework
Fernando Mendez and Jonathan Wheatley
2 Patterns of Constitution-Making over Time and Space
Fernando Mendez and Jonathan Wheatley
3 Outcomes of Constitution-Making: Democratization and Conflict Resolution
Jonathan Wheatley and Micha Germann
4 Constitution-Making in West Africa: Keeping the President in Check
Jonathan Wheatley
5 Transitions from Above: The Constitution-Making Process and the Consolidation of Democracy. The Cases of Spain, Brazil and Poland
Yanina Welp
6 Legality and Legitimacy: Constituent Power in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador
Nina Massger Snchez Sandoval and Yanina Welp
7 Constituent Assemblies in Swiss Cantons
Ana Tornic and Nina Massger Snchez Sandoval
8 Popular Input, Territoriality, and the Constitution-Making Process: Comparative Reflections on the European Unions Supranational Experience
Fernando Mendez
9 Conclusion
Jonathan Wheatley
List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on Contributors
Andreas Auer graduated in Switzerland (University of Neuchtel) and the United States (Southern Methodist University, Dallas) and has been Professor of Constitutional Law at the University of Geneva Law School (19802008) before joining the University of Zurich in 2008. He was formerly Dean of the Geneva Law School (20002003) and is currently Director of the Centre for Democracy Studies Aarau (ZDA) as well as of the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy (c2d) which he founded in 1993. Professor Auer has taught courses in constitutional law at the University of Antananarivo, Madagascar (1988, 1991, 1993, 1995), was a member of the Public Law Jury of the Conseil Africain et Malgache de lEnseignement Superieur (CAMES; concours dagregation 1993, 1995, 1997, 1999) and has been a constitutional expert for the Organisation internationale de la francophonie (OIF) on missions in Senegal, Benin, Togo, Chad and Mali.
Micha Germann is a doctoral researcher at the University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, and the Centre for Democracy Studies Aarau. He is currently engaged in a Swiss National Science Foundation project dealing with referendums on sovereignty issues. His focus is on the relationship between ethno-nationalist referendums and ethnic conflict. His research interests include direct democracy, civil war, and state repression. He is also interested and has conducted research on voting advice applications (VAAs).
Nina Massger Snchez Sandoval studied law at the University of Zurich and the Universit Franois Rabelais in Tours (France). After a research stay at the Instituto de Investigaciones Jurdicas of the Universidad Nacional Autonma de Mxico (UNAM) in Mexico City as a holder of a scholarship offered by the Emil Boral Foundation and the Swiss National Foundation, she is currently finishing her PhD thesis on the constitution-making processes in Venezuela (1999), Bolivia (20062009) and Ecuador (20072008). She is also currently doing an internship at the Office of Waste, Water, Energy and Air of the Canton of Zurich.
Fernando Mendez is a Senior Researcher at the Centre for Research on Direct Democracy and Director of the e-Democracy centre (eDC), both based at the University of Zurich. He is a Lecturer in Political Science on the Masters Programme at the University of Zurich and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) since 2007. Dr. Mendez holds a PhD in Political Science from the European University Institute, Florence. He has led various projects funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) on aspects of direct democracy and constitutional change. Dr. Mendezs academic interests include direct democracy, comparative federalism, European integration, and comparative public policy. He has published across these various fields in journals such as the Journal of European Public Policy; Publius: The Journal of Federalism; Representation; Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies; Public Law; and has co-authored a book on the European Union and e-voting. His most recent book, Referendums and the European Union, (co-authored with Mario Mendez and Vicky Triga) will be published with Cambridge University Press in 2013.