PAKISTANS
POLITICAL PARTIESSouth Asia in World Affairs Series
T. V. Paul, Series Editor
Editorial Advisory Board
Rajesh Basrur | Timothy Hoyt |
Maya Chadda | Paul Kapur |
Stephen P. Cohen | Rajesh Rajagopalan |
C. Christine Fair | Aseema Sinha |
Titles in the Series
Afghan Endgames: Strategy and Policy Choices for Americas Longest War
Hy Rothstein and John Arquilla, Editors
The China-India Rivalry in the Globalization Era
T. V. Paul, Editor
The Engagement of India: Strategies and Responses
Ian Hall, Editor
Globalization and Indias Economic Integration
Baldev Raj Nayar
India and Nuclear Asia: Forces, Doctrine, and Dangers
Yogesh Joshi and Frank ODonnell
Indias Rise as an Asian Power: Nation, Neighborhood, and Region
Sandy Gordon
The Indian Ocean and US Grand Strategy: Ensuring Access and Promoting Security
Andrew C. Winner and Peter Dombrowski, Editors
Pakistans Counterterrorism Challenge
Moeed Yusuf, Editor
Vying for Allahs Vote: Understanding Islamic Parties, Political Violence, and Extremism in Pakistan
Haroon K. Ullah
PAKISTANS
POLITICAL PARTIES
Surviving between Dictatorship
and Democracy
Mariam Mufti
Sahar Shafqat
Niloufer Siddiqui
Editors
2020 Georgetown University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
The publisher is not responsible for third-party websites or their content.
URL links were active at time of publication.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Mufti, Mariam, editor. | Shafqat, Sahar, editor. | Siddiqui, Niloufer, editor.
Title: Pakistans Political Parties : Surviving between Dictatorship and Democracy / Mariam Mufti, Sahar Shafqat, Niloufer Siddiqui, editors.
Description: Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019028852 (print) | LCCN 2019028853 (ebook) | ISBN 9781626167704 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781626167711 (paperback) | ISBN 9781626167728 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Political partiesPakistanHistory21st century. | PakistanPolitics and government21st century.
Classification: LCC JQ629.A979 P35 2020 (print) | LCC JQ629.A979 (ebook) | DDC 324.25491dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019028852
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019028853
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
21 209 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 First printing
Printed in the United States of America.
Cover design by John Barnett.
Composition by Paul Hotvedt at Blue Heron Publishing Services
To Alexis. M. M.
To Sapna and Saira Kiran. S. S.
To my parents. N. S.
Contents
NILOUFER SIDDIQUI, MARIAM MUFTI, AND SAHAR SHAFQAT
SAEED SHAFQAT
PHILIP E. JONES
TABINDA M. KHAN
TAHIR NAQVI
ANUSHAY MALIK
JOHANN CHACKO
ASAD LIAQAT, ALI CHEEMA, AND SHANDANA KHAN MOHMAND
HASSAN JAVID AND MARIAM MUFTI
SARAH KHAN
SAMEEN A. MOHSIN ALI
SAHAR SHAFQAT
AYESHA SIDDIQA
YASSER KURESHI
CHRISTOPHER CLARY
MOHAMMAD WASEEM
Illustrations
Tables
Figures
Acknowledgments
This book would not exist without the contributions and assistance of several people. First and foremost we thank all of our distinguished contributors, who have been generous and good-humored throughout this process. We have learned a lot from their work and hold them in high regard as colleagues and as valuable scholars. Thanks go to Christine Fair for encouraging the project and connecting us with Georgetown University Press. At Georgetown University Press, we thank the entire editorial team, particularly Don Jacobs, for supporting the project and shepherding it through the editorial and production process. We are also grateful for other colleagues who provided feedback, most notably Meredith Weiss at the University at Albany and Colin Cookman and Jumaina Siddiqui at the US Institute of Peace, as well as two anonymous reviewers, for their valuable comments. Big thanks also go to Johann Chacko and Alexis Blondin for their help with the concept and execution of the book cover design. We are also grateful to our respective institutions for their support during this project.
Sahar and Niloufer also thank Mariam for envisioning this project and approaching them with the idea back in 2015. Her persistence was pivotal to the completion of this book, which saw countless hours of editing, innumerable messages, hundreds of emails, and dozens of conference calls but also one wedding and the arrival of three babies. For supporting us as we pursued this passion project, we thank our families, and for inculcating in us a love for Pakistan, we thank our parents: Sameera and Anjum Mufti, Sarah and Hamid Shafqat, and Farzana and Tayyab Siddiqui.
Finally, and most importantly, we are grateful to all the party activists, organizers, and leaders who took precious time out of their busy schedules to grant us interviews, brought us along on the campaign trail, and allowed us to observe their interactions with constituents. Without their cooperation, generosity, and receptiveness, fine-grained field research like the kind presented in this book would not be possible.
Abbreviations
AAT | Allah-o-Akbar Tehreek |
ANP | Awami National Party |
APP | Azad Pakistan Party |
ASWJ | Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat Party |
AWP | Awami Workers Party |
BAP | Balochistan Awami Party |
BISP | Benazir Income Support Program |
BLA | Baloch Liberation Army |
BNP-A | Baloch National Party-Awami |
BNP-M | Baloch National Party-Mengal |
CENTO | Central Treaty Organization |
CII | Council for Islamic Ideology |
COAS | chief of army staff |