LABOUR IN GLASGOW , 18961936
S OCIALISM, SUFFRAGE, SECTARIANISM
Scottish Historical Review Monographs are major works of scholarly research covering all aspects of Scottish history. They are selected and sponsored by the Scottish Historical Review Trust, in conjunction with Tuckwell Press
EDITORIAL BOARD
Ewen A. Cameron, Edward J. Cowan and Roger A. Mason, with the Trustees of the SHR Trust
CURRENT AND FORTHCOMING VOLUMES
1 Helen M. Dingwall | Physicians, Surgeons and Apothecaries: Medicine in Seventeenth-Century Edinburgh |
2 Ewen A. Cameron | Land for the People? The British Government and the Scottish Highlands, c.18801923 |
3 Richard Anthony | Herds and Hinds: Farm Labour in Lowland Scotland, 19001939 |
4 R. Andrew McDonald | The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotlands Western Seaboard, c. 11001336 |
5 John R. McIntosh | Church and Theology in Enlightenment Scotland: The Evangelical Party, 17401800 |
6 Graeme Morton | Unionist-Nationalism: Governing Urban Scotland, 18301860 |
7 Catriona M. M. Macdonald | The Radical Thread: Political Change in Scotland. Paisley Politics, 18851924 |
8 James L. MacLeod | The Second Disruption: The Free Church in Victorian Scotland and the Origins of the Free Presbyterian Church |
9 John Finlay | Men of Law in Pre-Reformation Scotland |
10 William Kenefick | Rebellious and Contrary: The Glasgow Dockers c. 18531932 |
11 J. J. Smyth | Labour in Glasgow, 18961936. Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism |
LABOUR IN GLASGOW, 18961936
Socialism, Suffrage, Sectarianism
J. J. SMYTH
This eBook was published in Great Britain in 2021 by John Donald,
an imprint of Birlinn Ltd
Birlinn Ltd
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10 Newington Road
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First published in Great Britain in 2000 by Tuckwell Press
Copyright J. J. Smyth, 2000
eBook ISBN 978 1 78885 398 9
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available on request from the British Library
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the express written permission of the publisher.
The right of J. J. Smyth to be identified as the author of this book has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Design and Patent Act 1988
For my mother. Frances Livingstone Smyth,
And in memory of my father Edward Smyth
Contents
Acknowledgements
This book has had a long gestation and I have accumulated many debts along the way. I thank colleagues, past and present, at the Departments of Economic and Social History at Edinburgh and Glasgow, and the Department of History at Stirling University. I would like to mention Bob Morris, Roger Davidson, Frank Bechhofer and George Peden for all their help, Ewen Cameron for undertaking the onerous task of editing my typescript and, in particular, Alan McKinlay for all his critical encouragement and friendship. My deepest thank you, as ever, is to Fay.
List of Abbreviations
ASE | Amalgamated Society of Engineers |
BSP | British Socialist Party |
CP | Communist Party |
CSCC | Central Strike Co-ordinating Committee |
CWC | Clyde Workers Committee |
CSS | Catholic Socialist Society |
DLP | Divisional Labour Party |
DORA | Defence of the Realm Act |
GWHA | Glasgow Womens Housing Association |
GWSSWS | Glasgow and West of Scotland Society for Womens Suffrage |
HGB | Home Government Branch |
ILP | Independent Labour Party |
INL | Irish National League of Great Britain |
LEA | Local Education Authorities |
LPHC | Labour Party Housing Committee |
LRC | Labour Representation Committee |
MEA | Municipal Employees Association |
MCU | Middle Class Union |
NAC | National Administrative Council |
NUWSS | National Union of Womens Suffrage Societies |
PLP | Parliamentary Labour Party |
SCWG | Scottish Co-operative Womens Guild |
SLP | Scottish Labour Party |
SocLP | Socialist Labour Party |
SLRL | Scottish Land Restoration League |
SDF | Social Democratic Federation |
SPL | Scottish Protestant League |
SSP | Scottish Socialist Party |
STUC | Scottish Trade Union Congress |
SUTCLP | Scottish United Trades Councils Labour Party |
SWRC | Scottish Workers Representation Committee |
UIL | United Irish League |
WEC | Workers Election Committee |
WFL | Womens Freedom League |
WIL | Womens International League |
WLL | Womens Labour League |
WPC | Womens Peace Crusade |
WSPU | Womens Social and Political Union |
INTRODUCTION
Labour and its Electorate
The continuing debate over the rise of the Labour Party and the concomitant demise of the Liberals shows little sign of abating. Each generation returns to the issue with new questions and fresh insights provoked by contemporary political developments. With the success of a militant right-wing Conservatism in the 1980s, Labours so-called forward march appeared as a problematic, contingent phenomenon.
While there are a number of recent studies at both local and national levels which offer analyses and explanations of Labours rise there is, as yet, no widely accepted consensus. Was Labour already threatening the Liberals before 1914, or was Labours breakthrough after and due to the War? And, if so, was this the result of a radicalisation of, and increasing unity within, the working class, or was it due to a more moderate perception by trade unionists that war-time collectivism showed the State and state intervention