The Labour Church
This book aims to unpack the core message of the Labour Church and question the accepted views of the movement by pursuing an alternative way of analysing its history, significance and meaning. The religious influences on late-nineteenth/early-twentieth-century British socialism are examined and placed within a wider context, highlighting a continuing theological imperative for the British Labour movement.
The book argues that the most distinctive feature of the Labour Church was Theological Socialism. For its founder, John Trevor, Theological Socialism was the literal Religion of Socialism, a post-Christian prophecy announcing the dawn of a new utopian era explained in terms of the Kingdom of God on earth; for members of the Labour Church, who are referred to as Theological Socialists, Theological Socialism was an inclusive message about God working through the Labour movement.
Challenging the historiography and reappraising the political significance of the Labour Church, this book will be of interest to students and scholars researching the intersection between religion and politics, as well as radical left history and politics more generally.
Neil Johnson was born and raised in the North East of England; for the past 20 years he has lived with his family in Birmingham where he serves as a Methodist minister. He was awarded his PhD at the University of Birmingham in 2015, having been supervised through his research on the Labour Church movement by Professor Hugh McLeod. In 2017, he became an Honorary Research Fellow of the Queens Foundation, Birmingham.
Routledge Studies in Radical History and Politics
Series editors: Thomas Linehan
Brunel University
and
John Roberts
Brunel University
www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Radical-History-and-Politics/book-series/RSRHP
The series Routledge Studies in Radical History and Politics has two areas of interest. Firstly, this series aims to publish books which focus on the history of movements of the radical left. Movement of the radical left is here interpreted in its broadest sense as encompassing those past movements for radical change which operated in the mainstream political arena as with political parties, and past movements for change which operated more outside the mainstream as with millenarian movements, anarchist groups, utopian socialist communities, and trade unions. Secondly, this series aims to publish books which focus on more contemporary expressions of radical left-wing politics. Recent years have been witness to the emergence of a multitude of new radical movements adept at getting their voices in the public sphere. From those participating in the Arab Spring, the Occupy movement, community unionism, social media forums, independent media outlets, local voluntary organisations campaigning for progressive change, and so on, it seems to be the case that innovative networks of radicalism are being constructed in civil society that operate in different public forms.
The series very much welcomes titles with a British focus, but is not limited to any particular national context or region. The series will encourage scholars who contribute to this series to draw on perspectives and insights from other disciplines.
Forthcoming
John Lilburne and The Levellers
Reappraising the Roots of English Radicalism 400 Years On
Edited by John Rees
The Labour Church
The Movement and its Message
Neil Johnson
The Labour Church
The Movement and its Message
Neil Johnson
First published 2018
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2018 Neil Johnson
The right of Neil Johnson to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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ISBN: 978-1-138-23551-9 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-30459-5 (ebk)
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To my beloved Emma, and our dynamic daughters,
Anna and Naomi, with love and admiration
Contents
Acknowledgements
It has been a great privilege for me to work with Professor Hugh McLeod, Emeritus Professor of Church History at the University of Birmingham. I wish to offer my grateful thanks to Hugh for sharing his knowledge and wisdom, and for the way that he has guided me through the years of research.
During the course of my research I have encountered several people who have personal involvement with the story of the Labour Church movement. I was very pleased to correspond with Robert Barnard, the great grandson of John Trevor the founder of the movement, who gave me access to his family archives. My thanks go to Sheila Adam, archivist of the Plantation Garden in Norwich, for putting me in touch with Robert.
After many months of trying to trace the whereabouts of D. F. Summers, whose ground breaking thesis on the Labour Church has become a foundation stone to subsequent studies, I received a gracious letter from his wife, Margaret Summers of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Margaret explained that her husband had been badly injured in a car accident some years before and so was unable to communicate with me directly. She was pleased to know that the manuscript she had typed up in the late 1950s was still being appreciated by researchers. I am grateful to Robin Brunelle and Barb Lough of the United Church of Canada for enabling my contact with Mrs Summers.
A chance visit to a book shop in Ludlow led me to meet Tony Rees, the biographer of Frank Mathews who had been an influential member of the Birmingham Labour Church in the 1890s and the secretary of the congregations Cinderella Club. I felt honoured that Tony entrusted Frank Mathews personal notebooks to me before they were deposited at the Birmingham Central Archives.
I have received much support and assistance from librarians and archivists working for universities, research centres, museums, and national and local libraries. My thanks go particularly to Fiona Tait of the Birmingham Central Archives located in the Birmingham Central Library, for her guidance and encouragement.
Several historians specialising in the local history of Birmingham and the West Midlands offered me helpful advice as I researched the Labour Church in Birmingham. Thank you to Dr Malcolm Dick, Professor Ian Grosvenor, Professor Roger Ward and the late Dr Chris Upton. I was very pleased to spend time with George Barnsby, shortly before he died, and for our conversation about the varieties of socialism. I am grateful to Professor Carl Chinn for printing my article about the Birmingham Labour Churches in his local history magazine