Vijay Sakhuja - Chinas Maritime Silk Road and Asia

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Chinas Maritime Silk Road

and Asia

Chinas Maritime Silk Road

and Asia

Editors

Vijay Sakhuja

Jane Chan

Vij Books India Pvt Ltd

New Delhi (India)

Published by

Vij Books India Pvt Ltd

(Publishers, Distributors & Importers)

2/19, Ansari Road

Delhi 110 002

Phones: 91-11-43596460, 91-11-47340674

Fax: 91-11-47340674

e-mail:

web: www.vijbooks.com

Copyright 2016, National Maritime Foundation

First Published : 2016

ISBN: 978-93-84464-98-1 (Hardback)

ISBN: 978-93-85563-12-6 (ebook)

All rights reserved.

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Application for such permission should be addressed to the publisher.

The views expressed in this book are those of the contributors in their personal capacity. These do not have any institutional endorsement.

Contents

Gurpreet S Khurana

Mingjiang Li

Raghavendra Mishra

Irene Chan, Associate

Rana Divyank Chaudhary

Antara Ghosal Singh

Kwa Chong Guan

Adwita Rai

Contributors

Ms. Adwita Rai, Research Associate at the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi.

Ms. Antara Ghosal Singh, Research Associate at the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi.

Captain Gurpreet S Khurana, Executive Director of the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi

Ms. Irene Chan, Associate Research Fellow at the Rajaratanam School of International Studies, Singapore.

Mr. Kwa Chong Guan, Senior Fellow at the Rajaratanam School of International Studies, Singapore.

Dr. Mingjiang Li, Associate Professor at the Rajaratanam School of International Studies, Singapore.

Captain Raghavendra Mishra, Research Fellow at the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi

Mr. Rana Divyank Chaudhary, Research Associate at the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi.

Foreword

T he rise of China is an issue of animated discussion, evident from the large volume of analytical and scholarly work being devoted to its study. Any policy declaration emanating from China invites, a wide array of comments and analyses of cooperative, competitive and conflictual nature, based on ones personal or theoretical persuasion. This is also the case with regard to the One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative by China. The OBOR initiative runs along two axes one each terrestrial and oceanic, i.e., the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR). The OBOR connects China and the Europe passing through Eurasia, the Indian Ocean littorals, including Africa.

It is also worth mention that both the Silk Roads have multiple nodes, tributaries and spokes that feed into these transcontinental initiatives. Both initiatives are rooted in history as the point of reference and founded on the common pillars of economic integration, infrastructure development, regional connectivity, with enhanced people-to-people contact, as the logical policy byproducts.

There are many prisms through which the MSR can be analyzed; it can be stated that it presents unique opportunities and challenges simultaneously. While beneficial aspects are important, and need to be taken forward to their logical ends, the issue of dealing with some harsh realities cannot be lost sight of. Perhaps, it is important to create a delicate balance between the give and take on this complex issue which spans countries, sub-regions and regions that are expected to form part of the MSR, including the world as a whole.

The existing narrative on MSR also raises some important questions - is it correct to ascribe excessive Sino centricity to the Silk Road concepts; do all roads, routes, and offshoots lead to China; and, whether these will actually be under the exclusive control of Beijing. There are no easy answers to these questions at this stage.

This edited volume comprises papers presented during the interaction between the National Maritime Foundation (NMF), New Delhi and the Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS) Singapore and captures the flavor of the times and could serve as a point of departure for the emerging discourse on the issue. Further, the perspectives presented here would help in understanding the conceptual tenets of the MSR initiative and provide a good reference point to take the research forward on this topic.

Admiral DK Joshi PVSM, AVSM, YSM, NM, VSM (Retd) Chairman National Maritime Foundation Former Chief of the Naval Staff

New Delhi

Abbreviations

ADIZ	Air Defence Identification Zone
AIIB	Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
ASBM	Anti-Ship Ballistic Missile
ASEAN	Association of South East Asian Nations
BCIM	Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar
BFA	Boao Forum For Asia
BRI	Belt Road Initiative
CNPC	China National Petroleum Corporation
CPEC	China-Pakistan Economic Corridor
CUES	Conduct On Unelated Encounters As Sea
DIPP	Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
EAS	East Asia Summit
ECS	East China Sea
FGP	Flying Geese Paradigm
GMS	Greater Mekong River Sub-Region
IOR	Indian Ocean Region
MoU	Memorandum of Understanding
MSR	Maritime Silk Road
NDRC	National Development and Reform Commission
NDU	National Defence University
OBOR	One Belt One Road
ONGC	Oil and Natural Gas Corporation
PLAN	People Liberation Army (Navy)
SCO	Shanghai Cooperation Organization
SCS	South China Sea
SIPRI	Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
SREB	Silk Road Economic Belt
TAZARA	Tanzania Zambia Railway
TIV	Trend Indicator Value
TPP	Trans-Pacific-Partnership
USD	US Dollar
WPNS	Westerns Pacific Naval Symposium

Introduction

C hinese President Xi Jinpings proposals in 2013 of the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR), now known as the One Belt, One Road Initiative (OBOR), have drawn much attention in Asia and beyond. This volume focus only on the 21st Century MSR, seeking to better understand the rationale behind the Chinese proposal, what the initiative actually entails, and what are some of the foreseeable economic, security and strategic implications for Asia.

In the first Chapter, Captain Khurana posits that the Chinese leadership has developed the acumen for combining symbolism and realism to meet Chinas national objectives. The MSR concept is an apt example of such a skill, and may well be considered a representation of evolving Chinese statecraft since the era of Mao Zedong. This chapter examines various nuances of the MSR in the context of Chinas likely grand-strategic objectives in the Indo-Pacific region, and avers that even as the concept is showcased by China as an initiative with a purely economic agenda, it bears a strong geopolitical context and content, with far-reaching ramifications for the region.

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