Iain Docherty - Making tracks : the politics of local rail transport

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Making Tracks

Making Tracks

The politics of local rail transport

Iain Docherty
Department of Urban Studies,
University of Glasgow

First published 1999 by Ashgate Publishing

Reissued 2018 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Iain Docherty 1999

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Publisher's Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 99073345

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-32462-6 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-138-32470-1 (pbk)

ISBN 13: 978-0-429-45075-4 (ebk)

Contents

Guide

This book would not have come to fruition without the generous assistance of a wide range of people and organisations.

First thanks go to The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Urban Studies journal and the Scottish Transport Studies Group for the financial support which made the research possible. Similarly, the text could not have taken shape without the candid and thought-provoking participation of the interviewees, many of whom took time away from onerous preparations for local government reorganisation or rail privatisation to participate.

Others provided valuable assistance at various points in my research, particularly Collette Beal and her Committee and Member Services team at Merseytravel, and Derek Hall, David Halsall, Richard Knowles, Jose Smith, Brian Turton and others at the RGS-IBG Transport Geography Research Group .

Special thanks go to friends at the University of Glasgow: to Tom Hart and Ronan Paddison for their commitment and support; to my new colleagues Nick Bailey and Ivan Turok for their warm welcome and encouragement; and to John Crotty, Stephen Herbert and Richard Young with whom I shared the research experience and not a few laughs over the years.

Finally, there are those whose support in the real world has enabled me to cope with the inevitable trials and tribulations of the process: to my parents, Cathie and Freddy for everything; to Margaret, Ted, Paul, Norman, Jenny, Audrey, Ann and Ian for welcoming me when I needed a break (which was quite often!); to Andrea, for her never-ending love, support and encouragement... and to Stuart, who will always be my most cherished source of inspiration.

Abreviations and Acronyms

• BR British Rail
• Cllr Councillor
• Ctte Committee
• DETR Department for the Environment, Transport and the Regions
• DMU Diesel Multiple Unit
• DoE Department of the Environment
• DoT Department of Transport
• EMU Electric Multiple Unit
• MCC Metropolitan County Council
• MBC Metropolitan Borough Council
• NUR National Union of Railwaymen
• OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
• OHLE Overhead Line Electrification
• ONS Office for National Statistics
• OPRAF Office of Passenger Rail Franchising
• PSO Public Service Obligation
• PTA Passenger Transport Authority
• PTE Passenger Transport Executive
• RDS Railway Development Society
• RMT Rail and Maritime Trades Union
• STUC Scottish Trades Union Congress
• TOC Train Operating Company

Definitions

• Burrowing junction Junction with underpass or overbridge removing the need for trains to cross the path of those travelling in the opposite direction.
• Capital allocation / capital consent The amount of money any local authority may borrow in a financial year to fund capital investment for particular function, such as rail transport, as defined by central government
• Diesel Multiple Unit Modem train with diesel engines fitted under the floor of passenger carriages rather than with separate locomotive.
• Electric Multiple Unit Modem train with electric traction motors fitted under the floor of passenger carriages rather than with separate locomotive.
• Electrification Infrastructure necessary to supply electric current to the railway line, either by overhead wires ( overhead line electrification ), or by live rail ( third rail ).
• Headway Time interval between passage of two consecutive trains.
• (Statutory) Joint Board Local government committee formed by Act of Parliament responsible for the delivery of specified public service(s) across two or more local authority areas.
• Merseytravel The joint name for Merseyside PTA and PTE adopted in 1990.
• Metropolitan Borough Council Metropolitan District Council These terms for the all-purpose local authorities in the former Metropolitan counties of England, are synonymous.
• Modal split The proportion of total trips made by different means of transport such as car, bus, train, cycle, foot.
• Office of Passenger Rail Franchising Government agency responsible for overseeing provision of passenger rail services by privatised train operating companies.
• Pacer Type of lightweight modem DMU train
• Public Service Obligation trains Passenger trains operated by British Rail independently of Passenger Transport Executive control and funded by Public Service Obligation (PSO) grant from central government.
• Section 20 Schedule of the 1968 Transport Act under which payments are made by PTEs to (former) British Rail for provision of local train services.
• Section 56 Schedule of the 1968 Transport Act under which special central government grants for major transport capital infrastructure developments are made available to PTEs.
• Solum Land forming the physical bed of a (disused) railway line.
• Sparks effect Increase in rail service patronage due to line electrification.
• Sprinter Type of modem DMU train
• Subway Original and local name for Glasgow Underground
• Train Operating Company Privatised company responsible for operation of train services to contract from OPRAF and PTE.

1.1 Focus of the book

The geography of urban local governance

The policies of widespread deregulation inspired by the ideologies of 'public choice' represent one of the key legacies of the 1979-1997 Conservative government. Central to these reforms was the realignment of the apparatus of the local state itself, as the centre sought to restructure local government according to the principles of market provision of local public services.

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