First published in 1986 by Croom Helm Ltd
This edition first published in 2021
by Routledge
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1986 Stella Lowder
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-0-367-75717-5 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-00-317423-3 (Set) (ebk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-77408-0 (Volume 7) (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-77416-5 (Volume 7) (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-00-317126-3 (Volume 7) (ebk)
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The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
This book is a re-issue originally published in 1986. The language used is a reflection of ites era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this re-publication.
1986 Stella Lowder
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT
Croom Helm Australia Pty Ltd, Suite 4, 6th Floor,
64-76 Kippax Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Lowder, Stella
Inside Third World cities.
1. Cities and townsDeveloping countries
I. Title
307.764091724 HT149.5
ISBN 0-7099-1647-7
Printed and bound in Great Britain
by Billing & Sons Limited, Worcester.
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Acknowledgements
Preface
2 Indigenous Urban Traditions
3 Colonial City Legacies
4 Administering Third World Cities
5 Housing Markets
6 Supplying Household Needs
7 Models of Third World Cities
8 Conclusions
Glossary
References
2.1 Islamic Cities or Medinas: Bukhara and Tunis
2.2 Arab Penetration of Africa: 11th16th centuries
2.3 State and Regional Capital Cities of the Sultanate
2.4 Mogul Empire at its zenith
2.5 Cities and States of the 1870s
3.1 Comparative Periods of Colonial Rule
3.2 City Population Change, 1872-1931
3.3 Indian Colonial Cities
3.4 Iberian Settlements in the Americas
3.5 Growth of Selected Cities in Latin America, 1500-1950
3.6 Ciudad de los Reyes: Lima in 1556
3.7 The Partition of Africa: Colonial Possessions in 1914
3.8 The Occupation of Africa: Principal Colonial Settlements
3.9 Growth of Selected Cities in Africa
3.10 French-African Colonial Cities
5.1 Institutional Financial Structure in Kenya, India and Peru, 1980
5.2 Nairobi City
5.3 Delhi: Plan and Reality
5.4 Limas Housing Types, 1980
6.1 The Network of Primary and Secondary Relationships of an Accomplished Entrepreneur: Kano, Nigeria
6.2 Vegetable Supply Systems to Cities
7.1 General Morphological Models
7.2 Specific Morphological Models
7.3 Constructs of J. F. C. Turners Model
7.4 The impact of Mode of Transport, Illustrated by Buenos Aires
7.5 Colonial City, Segregation City and Apartheid City
2.1 The Fate of Selected Islamic Cities over the Centuries
3.1 Principal Sources of Municipal Revenue and Items of Expenditure
4.1 Participation in City Administration by Government Level
4.2 Characteristics of Principal Metropoli
4.3 Local Government Expenditure per capita
4.4 Level of Government Directly Responsible for Utilities and Services
5.1 Characteristics of Housing Delivery Systems in TWCs
5.2 Characteristics of three Metropoli
6.1 Breakdown of Household Expenditures
6.2 Household Budget Allocations in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
6.3 Population per Fixed Retail Outlet
7.1 Models of Third World Cities
7.2 Population Density Gradients
7.3 Density and Land Value Quotients for Social Classes
7.4 Factors and Their Variance Identified in TWCs
I wish to thank the following for permission to reproduce figures, or to base figures on material from their publications: the journal Africa for Figure 6.1 by Yusuf, which appeared on page 180 of vol. 45; G. Bell and Sons for McGees model of the South East Asian City used in Figure 7.1, which appeared on page 128 of his book of the same name; Economic Geography for Figure 7.4, which is based on Figures 2, 3, 6 and 7 of Sargents article from pages 360, 362, 366 and 367 in vol. 48; Geographical Review for Griffen and Fords model used in Figure 7.1, which appeared on page 406 in vol. LXX; GeoJournal for Davies model used in Figure 7.5, which appeared on pages 64 and 69 in the second Supplementary Issue; Inter-India Publications for Yadavs model which appears in Figure 7.1: Journal of Tropical Geography for Krausses model in Figure 7.2, which appeared on page 25 in vol. 46; John Wiley and Sons for the map of Bukhara in Figure 2.1 which is based on Gieses which appeared on pages 148-9 in French, R. A. and Hamilton, F. E. I. (eds) (1979) The Socialist City; LEspace Gographique for the map of Tunis in Figure 2.1 which is based on Lowys which appeared on page 26 of vol. 1; The University of Tokyo for the model by Tanabe in Figure 7.1, which appeared on page 25 of Proceedings of the Department of Humanities LXXVIII, Series in Human Geography, vol. 8.
When I first came to Britain, I made a note of all the things that differed from my home city of Lima. It was a way of coming to terms with a very different environment but what caught my eye were the contrasts in living standards. I had left a rapidly expanding, primarily commercial city in which just about everything seemed to be made in the USA. A small elite indulged in conspicuous consumption but life for the comparatively modest middle classes revolved around work and family. Education was perceived as the vehicle of both their and the working classes childrens achievements, only the latter had much less access to it. Already there were signs of a subemployed force, whose members spent incredibly long hours not doing very much. Nottingham, where I went to university, was a small city rooted in the coal and lace industries and synonymous with brand names like Raleigh, Player and Boots. Society was far more egalitarian; there was a health service open to all and even slum housing was made of durable materials.
