Tozun Bahcheli - Greek-Turkish Relations Since 1955

Tozun Bahcheli

First published 1990 by Westview Press, Inc.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bahcheli, Tozun. Greek- Turkish relations since 1955. (Westview special studies in international relations) Includes index. 1. GreeceForeign relationsTurkey. 2. TurkeyForeign relationsGreece. 3. GreeceForeign relations20th century. 4. TurkeyForeign relations19181960. 5. TurkeyForeign relations1960 6. CyprusHistory20th century. I. Title. II. Series. DF787.T8B33 1990 327.4950561 86- 32612 ISBN 0-8133-7235-6

ISBN 13: 978-0-3670-1086-7 (hbk) ISBN 13: 978-0-3671-6073-9 (pbk)

DOI:10.4324/9780429040726

This book owes much to the generosity, cheer, and help of many people. I am especially indebted to Professors John Orange, Barry Bartmann, Ozay Mehmet, and Will McKercher as well as John Ibbitson. All of them read the manuscript at least once and made innumerable suggestions for improving it. They are responsible for helping me abide by grammatical rules, fair academic standards, and clarity of expression.

In conducting my research, I have had the pleasure of meeting and obtaining the assistance of many scholars, government officials, and others in Cyprus, Greece, Turkey, the United States, Britain, and Canada. I am very grateful to them all. At the same time, I take full responsibility for the contents of this book.

In northern Cyprus, the late Raif R. Denktash helped make my research more productive and meaningful during the fall of 1985.1 have also been assisted by President Rauf R. Denktash, who generously provided documents as well as granted me extended interviews. In addition, I have benefitted in many important respects from the help of the following individuals in northern Cyprus: Oktay kszoglu, Director of Information of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus; The Honourable Necati Ertekn, Legal Adviser to the President; and Saffet Soykal, who readily shared his impressive knowledge of Cypriot affairs.

Among the officials in the south who generously gave of their time as well as provided papers, I want to express my gratitude to the following: the Honourable Glafcos Clerides, the Honourable George Iacovou, the Honourable Andreas Christofides, and Dr. Vassos Lyssarides. I am equally grateful to Drs. Michael Attalides and Kyriacos Markides for sharing their knowledge. As correspondents with long-time familiarity of Cyprus, Tom O'Dwyer and Katherine Mcllroy contributed to my appreciation of the Cyprus issue in a special way. Chloe Savvides' help in arranging interviews with a wide range of officials enabled me to use my time efficiently and to meet many responsible and knowledgeable people. Of special note, the hospitality of Glafcos Constantinides provided a happy reminder of the days before the ravages of communal politics created ie present state of affairs in Cyprus.

Also on Cyprus, it was a privilege to meet with James Holger, the Acting Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, as well as with Colonels Dean Wellsman and Robert Mitchell. They contributed substantially to my appreciation of United Nations diplomacy and peacekeeping in Cyprus.

In the course of my research in Greece, I have benefitted from the counsel and expertise of Professors Ted Couloumbis, John Valinakis, Ada Pollis, Paschalis Kitromilides, and in particular, Dr. Thanos Veremis, who worked diligently to ensure that I met everyone with whom I wanted to discuss Greek-Turkish relations. It was thanks to Bruce Clark, the former head of the Reuters Office in Athens, that I acquired a better appreciation of Greek political culture and was able to meet his fellow journalists, including Paul Anastasi, Robert Kaplan, and Haris Bousbourellis.

In Turkey, I was fortunate enough to meet with Ambassadors Riza Tnnen and Tugay Ulucevik, who generously gave of their time and provided me with research materials which I needed. I am grateful to Professor Huseyin Pazarci and Dean Mehmet Gnlbol for sharing their expertise on the Aegean issues. I am especially indebted to Professor Miimtaz Soysal for his help in clarifying many issues over a period of several years.

In the course of several visits to Washington, D.C., I met several officials and experts who have substantially contributed to my insight in Greek-Tuikish affairs. I am particularly indebted to Dr. Blent Ali Riza, the Washington Representative of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, whom I consulted on the chapters dealing with the Cyprus issue. I am also grateful to Dr. Marios Evriviades of the Greek-Cypriot Embassy in Washington, both for providing me with written materials and for enhancing my understanding of the multi-faceted Cyprus dispute. Also in Washington, I have benefitted substantially from discussions of Cyprus and other Greek-Tuikish issues with Ellen Laipson, Research Analyst at the Library of Congress. Similarly, I have derived useful insights from discussions of Turkish foreign policy and Tuikish-American relations with Dr. George Harris, Director of Analysis for the Near East and South Asia in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State, as well as Alan Makovski, Chief of the Division for Southern Europe, Bureau of Intelligence and Research of the Department of State in Washington, D.C.