Regime Transition in Central Asia
Presenting a study of regime transition, political transformation and the challenges that faced the post-Communist republics of Central Asia, this book focuses on the process of transition in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, and the obstacles that these newly independent states are facing in the post-Communist period.
The book analyses how in the early stages of their independence, the governments of Central Asia declared that they would build democratic states, but that in practice, they demonstrated that they are more inclined towards authoritarianism rather than democracy. With the declaration of independence, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, like many other former Soviet national republics, were faced with the issues of nationalism, ethnicity, identity and territorial delimitation. The book looks at how the discourse of patrimonial nationalism in post-Communist Tajikistan and Uzbekistan has been the elites strategy to address all these issues: to maintain the stateness of their respective countries, as well as the unity of their nation; to fill the ideological void of post-Communism; to prevent the rise of Islam; and to legitimize their authoritarian practice.
Arguing against the claim that the Central Asian states having undergone divergent paths of transition, the book discusses how they are in fact all authoritarian, although exhibiting different degrees of authoritarianism. It is a useful contribution to studies in Central Asian Politics and International Relations.
Dagikhudo Dagiev is a Research Associate in the Department of Academic Research and Publications at the Institute of Ismaili Studies, UK. His research areas include contemporary societies in post-Communist Central Asia, their history and religion, the re-emergence of Islam as a faith, the appearance of Islamist ideologies, and nationalism.
Routledge Advances in Central Asian Studies
1 Oil, Transition and Security in Central Asia
Edited by Sally N. Cummings
2 The European Union and Central Asia
Edited by Alexander Warkotsch
3 Politics, Identity and Education in Central Asia
Edited by Pinar Akcali and Cennet Engin-Demir
4 Regime Transition in Central Asia
Stateness, nationalism and political change in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Dagikhudo Dagiev
Regime Transition in Central Asia
Stateness, nationalism and political change in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Dagikhudo Dagiev
First published 2014
by Routledge
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2014 Dagikhudo Dagiev
The right of Dagikhudo Dagiev to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Dagiev, Dagikhudo.
Regime transition in Central Asia : stateness, nationalism and political change in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan / Dagikhudo Dagiev.
p. cm. (Routledge advances in Central Asian studies ; 4)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Asia, CentralPolitics and government. 2. TajikistanPolitics and government. 3. UzbekistanPolitics and government. 4. NationalismTajikistan. 5. NationalismUzbekistan. I. Title.
JQ1080.D35 2013
320.9586dc23
2013011998
ISBN: 978-0-415-66310-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-88660-2 (ebk)
Typeset in Times New Roman
by Taylor & Francis Books
In the memory of my father, who was the source of inspiration Muhmad Qadam Dagiev
Contents
Figures
Tajikistan map
Statue of Ismail Samani
Statue of Amir Temur
Tables
Population of Samarqand
Results of presidential elections in Tajikistan
Results of parliamentary elections in Tajikistan, 2010
Results of presidential elections in Uzbekistan
Results of parliamentary elections in Uzbekistan, 200910
Democratization according to the Nations in Transit in Central Asia scores
The most rewarding part of writing this book is expressing my deepest gratitude towards those who have been part of this journey. First of all, with great pleasure I would like to thank my supervisors Dr Fiona Adamson and Dr Sherrill Stroschein for their encouragement, advice, guidance and patience.
Also, I want to thank those people who helped me through my fieldwork for their generosity of time, their willingness to participate in interviews, and their courage and bravery, which have made my research possible. Particularly, I am thankful to Mehmonsho who kindly allowed me to use his private library and some materials that I could have not found in public libraries and archives.
Several people have helped me with this book, and without their suggestions this book would never have been written. My thanks therefore go to Dr Farhad Daftary and Julia Kolb. I would also like to thank Professor Eric Ormsby, Dr Isabel Miller, Wendy Robinson, Gurdofarid Miskinzoda, Vafo Navkarov, Nozigul Zamonova, Amier Saidula, Marodsilton Muborakshoeva, Yahiya Baiza and Hena Miah for their comments and for proofreading earlier versions of the chapters, and in particular the tremendous assistance of Dr Stephen Burge must be acknowledged.
Lastly, I must thank to my wife Nargis for her love, help and understanding during such a challenging time in my life. I also thank my daughters Suri and Yasmin for the true joy and inspiration they have brought me over the years.
APT | Agrarian Party of Tajikistan |
ASSR | Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic |
CGGS | Contact Groups of Guarantor States |
CIS | Commonwealth of Independent States |
CNR | Commission for National Reconciliation |
CPSU | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
CPT | Communist Party of Tajikistan |
CPU | Communist Party of Uzbekistan |
DPT | Democratic Party of Tajikistan |
EFDS | European Forum for Democracy and Solidarity |
GBAO | Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast |
IMU | Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan |
IRPT | Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan |
IRPU | Islamic Renaissance Party of Uzbekistan |
IRPUR | Islamic Renaissance Party of the Union Republics |
JSDP | Justice Social Democratic Party |
KGB | Committee for State Security (Komitet Gosudarstvenno Bezopasnosti) |