Toyin Falola - Historical Dictionary of Nigeria

The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.

Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.

HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF AFRICA

Jon Woronoff, Series Editor

Senegal, Second Edition, by Andrew F. Clark and Lucie Colvin Phillips. 1994.

Comoro Islands, by Martin Ottenheimer and Harriet Ottenheimer. 1994.

Uganda, by M. Louise Pirouet. 1995.

Cte dIvoire (The Ivory Coast), Second Edition, by Robert J. Mundt. 1995.

Togo, Third Edition, by Samuel Decalo. 1996.

Tanzania, Second Edition, by Thomas P. Ofcansky and Rodger Yeager. 1997.

Chad, Third Edition, by Samuel Decalo. 1997.

Equatorial Guinea, Third Edition, by Max Liniger-Goumaz. 2000.

South Africa, Second Edition, by Christopher Saunders and Nicholas Southey. 2000.

Swaziland, Second Edition, by Alan R. Booth. 2000.

Djibouti, by Daoud A. Alwan and Yohanis Mibrathu. 2000.

Liberia, Second Edition, by D. Elwood Dunn, Amos J. Beyan, and Carl Patrick Burrowes. 2001.

Zimbabwe, Third Edition, by Steven C. Rubert and R. Kent Rasmussen. 2001.

Somalia, Second Edition, by Mohamed Haji Mukhtar. 2002.

Mozambique, Second Edition, by Mario Azevedo, Emmanuel Nnadozie, and Tom Mbuia Joo. 2003.

Western Sahara, Third Edition, by Anthony G. Pazzanita. 2005.

Madagascar, Second Edition, by Philip M. Allen and Maureen Covell. 2005.

Sierra Leone, New Edition, by C. Magbaily Fyle. 2005.

Burundi, Third Edition, by Ellen K. Eggers. 2007.

Republic of Cape Verde, Fourth Edition, by Richard A. Lobban Jr. and Paul Khalil Saucier. 2007.

Zambia, Third Edition, by David J. Simon, James R. Pletcher, and Brian V. Siegel. 2008.

Mali, Fourth Edition, by Pascal James Imperato, Gavin H. Imperato, and Austin C. Imperato. 2008.

Botswana, Fourth Edition, by Fred Morton, Jeff Ramsay, and Part Themba Mgadla. 2008.

Mauritania, Third Edition, by Anthony G. Pazzanita. 2009.

Republic of Cameroon, Fourth Edition, by Mark Dike DeLancey, Rebecca Mbuh, and Mark W. DeLancey. 2010.

Eritrea, Second Edition, by Dan Connell and Tom Killion. 2011.

Malawi, Fourth Edition, by Owen J. M. Kalinga. 2012.

Niger, Fourth Edition, by Abdourahmane Idrissa and Samuel Decalo. 2012.

Republic of the Congo, Fourth Edition, by John F. Clark and Samuel Decalo. 2012.

Namibia, Second Edition, by Victor L. Tonchi, William A. Lindeke, and John J. Grotpeter. 2012.

Benin, Fourth Edition, by Mathurin C. Houngnikpo and Samuel Decalo. 2013.

Burkina Faso, Third Edition, by Lawrence Rupley, Lamissa Bangali, and Boureima Diamitani. 2013.

Sudan, Fourth Edition, by Robert S. Kramer, Richard A. Lobban Jr., and Carolyn Fluehr-Lobban. 2013.

Ethiopia, Second Edition, by David H. Shinn and Thomas P. Ofcansky. 2013.

Egypt, Fourth Edition, by Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. 2013.

Lesotho, Second Edition, by Scott Rosenberg and Richard F. Weisfelder. 2013.

Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Fourth Edition, by Peter Karibe Mendy and Richard A. Lobban Jr. 2013.

Guinea, Fifth Edition, by Mohamed Saliou Camara, Thomas E. OToole, and Janice E. Baker. 2013.

Ghana, Fourth Edition, by David Owusu-Ansah. 2014.

Libya, Fifth Edition, by Ronald Bruce St John. 2014.

Kenya, Third Edition, by Robert M. Maxon and Thomas P. Ofcansky. 2014.

Algeria, Fourth Edition, by Phillip C. Naylor. 2015.

Rwanda, Second Edition, by Aimable Twagilamana. 2016.

The Gambia, Fifth Edition, by David Perfect. 2016.

Central African Republic, New Edition, by Richard Bradshaw and Juan Fandos-Rius. 2016.

Morocco, Third Edition, by Aomar Boum and Thomas K. Park. 2016.

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Fourth Edition, by Emizet Franois Kisangani. 2016.

Tunisia, Third Edition, by Kenneth J. Perkins. 2016.

Gabon, Fourth Edition, by Douglas A. Yates, 2018.

Angola, Third Edition, by W. Martin James. 2018.

Nigeria, Second Edition, by Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, and Matthew M. Heaton. 2018.

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD

Lanham Boulder New York Toronto Plymouth, UK

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Falola, Toyin, author. | Genova, Ann, author. | Heaton, Matthew M., author.

Title: Historical dictionary of Nigeria / Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, and Matthew M. Heaton.

Description: Second edition. | Lanham, Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. | Series: Historical dictionaries of Africa | Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018000813 (print) | LCCN 2018001314 (ebook) | ISBN 9781538113141 (electronic) | ISBN 9781538113134 (hardcover : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: NigeriaHistoryDictionaries.

Classification: LCC DT515.15 (ebook) | LCC DT515.15 .F35 2018 (print) | DDC 966.9003dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018000813

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.

Printed in the United States of America

The Federal Republic of Nigeria, or quite simply Nigeria, is the largest country in Africa by population with the largest economy in Africa by GDP today, thanks in part to abundant oil reserves. But it has not always been one of the most stable or prosperous African countries. Politically, it has alternated between democracy of a sort and dictatorship, with democracy again in the ascendency. Since independence from British colonial rule, the country has struggled to balance goals of national unity and identity with its ethnic and religious divisions. It underwent a civil war in the late 1960s, followed by a proliferation of states since the 1970s. And the oil, as so often elsewhere, has been both a blessing and a curse, accounting for most of the governments foreign exchange revenues that have made Nigeria one of the largest economies in Africa historically, but also contributing to official corruption, environmental degradation, and massive income inequality.