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Kamoludin Abdullaev - Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan

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Kamoludin Abdullaev Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan
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Tajikistan is the poorest and only Persian-speaking country among the post-Soviet independent states. Historically, the Tajiks of Central Asia and Afghanistan along with the Persians of modern Iran came from a related ethnic group. When the Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established in late 1924, it became the first modern Tajik state that remained one of the 15 union republics of the Soviet Union until 1991. Almost immediately after the collapse of the USSR, Tajikistan became a scene of brutal civil war, taking place in one of the global hubs of religiously motivated political struggle, militancy, mass cross-border refugee flows, insurgency, and drug trafficking. During the first decade of the 21st century, the country was making modest progress toward stability. However, the heavy burden of socio-economic problems, in addition to continuing conflict in the neighboring Afghanistan-Pakistan, presented even bigger challenges for Tajikistan. In addition, Western economic sanctions against Russia in 2014, coinciding with continuing lower oil prices, have negatively affected one million of Tajik labor migrants in Russia. Yet Tajikistan has become neither weaker nor less important as a player in world politics.
This third edition of Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan contains a chronology, an introduction, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has over 800 cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent resource for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Tajikistan.

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The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of - photo 1

The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays on the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.

Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.

Historical Dictionaries of

Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East

Jon Woronoff, Series Editor

Guam and Micronesia, by William Wuerch and Dirk Ballendorf. 1994.

Palestine, by Nafez Y. Nazzal and Laila A. Nazzal. 1997.

Lebanon, by Asad AbuKhalil. 1998.

Azerbaijan, by Tadeusz Swietochowski and Brian C. Collins. 1999.

Papua New Guinea, Second Edition, by Ann Turner. 2001.

Cambodia, by Justin Corfield and Laura Summers. 2003.

Saudi Arabia, Second Edition, by J. E. Peterson. 2003.

Nepal, by Nanda R. Shrestha and Keshav Bhattarai. 2003.

Kyrgyzstan, by Rafis Abazov. 2004.

Indonesia, Second Edition, by Robert Cribb and Audrey Kahin. 2004.

Republic of Korea, Second Edition, by Andrew C. Nahm and James E. Hoare. 2004.

Turkmenistan, by Rafis Abazov. 2005.

New Zealand, Second Edition, by Keith Jackson and Alan McRobie. 2005.

Vietnam, Third Edition, by Bruce Lockhart and William J. Duiker. 2006.

India, Second Edition, by Surjit Mansingh. 2006.

Burma (Myanmar), by Donald M. Seekins. 2006.

Hong Kong SAR and the Macao SAR, by Ming K. Chan and Shiu-hing Lo. 2006.

Pakistan, Third Edition, by Shahid Javed Burki. 2006.

Iran, Second Edition, by John H. Lorentz. 2007.

Peoples Republic of China, Second Edition, by Lawrence R. Sullivan. 2007.

Australia, Third Edition, by James C. Docherty. 2007.

Gulf Arab States, Second Edition, by Malcolm C. Peck. 2008.

Laos, Third Edition, by Martin Stuart-Fox. 2008.

Israel, Second Edition, by Bernard Reich and David H. Goldberg. 2008.

Brunei Darussalam, Second Edition, by Jatswan S. Sidhu. 2010.

Yemen, Second Edition, by Robert D. Burrowes. 2010.

Bangladesh, Fourth Edition, by Syedur Rahman. 2010.

Polynesia, Third Edition, by Robert D. Craig. 2011.

Singapore, New Edition, by Justin Corfield. 2011.

East Timor, by Geoffrey C. Gunn. 2011.

Postwar Japan, by William D. Hoover. 2011.

Afghanistan, Fourth Edition, by Ludwig W. Adamec. 2012.

Philippines, Third Edition, by Artemio R. Guillermo. 2012.

Tibet, by John Powers and David Templeman. 2012.

Kazakhstan, by Didar Kassymova, Zhanat Kundakbayeva, and Ustina Markus. 2012.

Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, by James E. Hoare. 2012.

Thailand, Third Edition, by Gerald W. Fry, Gayla S. Nieminen, and Harold E. Smith. 2013.

Iraq, Second Edition, by Beth K. Dougherty and Edmund A. Ghareeb. 2013.

Syria, Third Edition, by David Commins and David W. Lesch. 2014.

Science and Technology in Modern China, by Lawrence R. Sullivan and Nancy Y. Liu, 2014.

Taiwan (Republic of China), Fourth Edition, by John F. Copper. 2014.

Australia, Fourth Edition, by Norman Abjorensen and James C. Docherty. 2015.

Republic of Korea, Third Edition, by James E. Hoare. 2015.

Indonesia, Third Edition, by Audrey Kahin. 2015.

Fiji, by Brij V. Lal. 2016.

Peoples Republic of China, Third Edition, by Lawrence R. Sullivan. 2016.

Israel, Third Edition, by Bernard Reich and David H. Goldberg. 2016.

New Zealand, Third Edition, by Janine Hayward and Richard Shaw. 2016.

Brunei Darussalam, Third Edition, by Jatswan S. Sidhu. 2017.

Nepal, Second Edition, by Nanda R. Shrestha and Keshav Bhattarai. 2017.

Burma (Myanmar), Second Edition, by Donald M. Seekins. 2017.

Mongolia, Fourth Edition, by Alan J. K. Sanders. 2017.

Yemen, Third Edition, by Charles Schmitz and Robert D. Burrowes. 2017.

Chinese Economy, by Lawrence R. Sullivan with Paul Curcio. 2018.

Malaysia, Second Edition, by Ooi Keat Gin. 2018.

Tajikistan, Third Edition, by Kamoludin Abdullaev. 2018.

Historical Dictionary of Tajikistan

Third Edition

Kamoludin Abdullaev


ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD

Lanham Boulder New York London

Published by Rowman & Littlefield

An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.

4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706

www.rowman.com


Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB


Copyright 2018 by Kamoludin Abdullaev


All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.


British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data


Names: Abdullaev, K. N. (Kamoludin Nadzhmidinovich), author.

Title: Historical dictionary of Tajikistan / Kamoludin Abdullaev.

Description: Third edition. | Rowman & Littlefield, [2018] | Series: Historical dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East | Includes bibliographical references.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018002013 (print) | LCCN 2018002918 (ebook) | ISBN 9781538102527 (electronic) | ISBN 9781538102510 (hardcover : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH: TajikistanHistoryDictionaries.

Classification: LCC DK922.14 (ebook) | LCC DK922.14 .A23 2018 (print) | DDC 958.6003dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018002013


Picture 2 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.


Printed in the United States of America.

Editors Foreword The new Central Asian republics seem geographically nice and - photo 3
Editors Foreword

The new Central Asian republics seem geographically nice and neat, each named after a major ethnic group and occupying the region associated with it. But closer consideration reveals that these republics are artificial in nature, the result of both arbitrary decisions by Russians and British engaged in the Great Game and then Stalins even more ruthless interventions. This appears most starkly in Tajikistan, the weakest and poorest of the group. It is not solely the land of the Tajiks: Although they are the majority, Uzbeks constitute almost one-sixth of the population, and more Tajiks live outside the republic than inside. The countrys historical roots were obliterated when the great centers of learning were allocated to other countries and Islam was suppressed. Decades of planning, from Moscow mainly, did little to create a unified or rational economy. For 70 years of Soviet rule, Tajikistan was abjectly dependent. Thus, not surprisingly, the suddenly independent republic encountered many political, economic, and social difficulties and became enmeshed in a nasty and prolonged civil war. Now that peace has returned, the country is tentatively sorting things out and making progress, but the way ahead will probably never be easy.

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