Military Interventions in Civil Wars
This book examines the motivations of military interventions in civil wars, with a focus on the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) and arms trade.
The book assumes a state-centric view of international relations, whereby states remain the dominant actors on the world stage. It breaks away from the conventional wisdom that military interventions for economic interests are a product of domestic corporate lobbying and instead argues that states intervene to protect (but not advance) existing corporate investments for national strategic interests. The work further introduces new concepts of military interventions proxy interventions and indirect interventions which are determined by arms trade relationships between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and recipient countries and utilizes insights from principal-agent theory, whereby the permanent members of the UNSC delegate military interventions in civil wars to other countries. The book concludes by examining the transformative effect of FDI on the willingness of a state to intervene militarily in a civil war, focusing on the case of China in Sub-Saharan Africa. Provided that the current positive trends in FDI and arms trade persist, we are likely to see more and not fewer military interventions in the future.
This book will be of much interest to students of civil wars, military interventions, security studies, and International Relations.
Kamil C. Klosek is a postdoctoral researcher at the Peace Research Center Prague, Charles University, Czech Republic.
Routledge Studies in Conflict, Security and Development
Designed to meet the needs of researchers, teachers and policy makers in this area, this series publishes books of new, innovative research into the connections between conflict, security and development processes. The series encourages a multidisciplinary approach to the links between these thematic issues, including the nature of conflict itself and the underlying conflict drivers, the underlying characteristics and drivers of insecurity, and the effects and use of development strategies in post-conflict environments and how that relates to broader peacebuilding strategies.
Series Editors: Paul Jackson, University of Birmingham, and Mark Sedra, University of Waterloo
Security Sector Reform in Conflict-Affected Countries
The Evolution of a Model
Mark Sedra
Rethinking the Security-Development Nexus
Organised Crime in Post-Conflict States
Sasha Jesperson
The Politics of Peacebuilding
Emerging Actors and Security Sector Reform in Conflict-Affected States
Safal Ghimire
Military Interventions in Civil Wars
The Role of Foreign Direct Investments and Arms Trade
Kamil C. Klosek
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Conflict-Security-and-Development/book-series/CSD
Military Interventions in Civil Wars
The Role of Foreign Direct Investments and Arms Trade
Kamil C. Klosek
First published 2022
by Routledge
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2022 Kamil C. Klosek
The right of Kamil C. Klosek to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Klosek, Kamil Christoph, 1990- author.
Title: Military interventions in civil wars : the role of foreign direct investments and the arms trade / Kamil Christoph Klosek.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2022. |
Series: Routledge studies in conflict, security and development | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021017094 (print) | LCCN 2021017095 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367753405 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367753412 (paperback) | ISBN 9781003162087 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Civil war--Economic aspects. | Investments, Foreign--Political aspects. | Arms transfers. | Intervention (International law) | China--Foreign economic relations--Africa, Sub-Saharan. | Africa, Sub-Saharan--Foreign economic relations--China.
Classification: LCC HB195 .K57 2022 (print) | LCC HB195 (ebook) | DDC 338.4/3355--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017094
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021017095
ISBN: 978-0-367-75340-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-75341-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-16208-7 (ebk)
DOI: 10.4324/9781003162087
Typeset in Times New Roman
by MPS Limited, Dehradun
Contents
List of tables
List of figures
Acknowledgments
List of abbreviations
Introduction
Understanding military interventions in civil wars
Foreign direct investments and military interventions
The role of arms trade in proxy interventions
Indirect interventions in civil wars
The transformative power of investments
Index
3.1 Descriptive statistics for discrete variables. Time period 20012009
3.2 Descriptive statistics for continuous variables. Time period 20012009
3.3 Logistic regression of military intervention incidence
3.4 Logistic regression of military intervention onset
4.1 Descriptive statistics for continuous variables
4.2 Descriptive statistics for discrete variables
4.3 Frequency table of interventions by agents
4.4 Correlation of arms trade values between P-5 members
4.5 Logit Regression of unilateral military interventions by agents (incidence)
4.6 Logit Regression of unilateral military interventions by agents (onset)
5.1 Indirect interventions between 1975 and 2009
1.1 Trends in civil wars and military interventions
1.2 FDI inflow into fragile and conflict-affected countries
1.3 Arms trade patterns between 1950 and 2017
3.1 Predicted probabilities for military interventions conditional on FDI instock and democratic regime type
3.2 Predicted probabilities for military interventions conditional on arms trade and democratic regime type
4.1 Categorization of military interventions in civil wars by the degree of involvement from the perspective of the principal
4.2 Boxplots indicating the proportion of arms trade supplied by principals to agents
4.3 Effect of principals interest in a civil war on the probability of a unilateral intervention by an agent
