Anna Stavrianakis - Taking Aim at the Arms Trade: NGOS, Global Civil Society and the World Military Order

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About the author

Anna Stavrianakis is a lecturer in international relations at the University of Sussex. Her main research interests are NGOs and global civil society; the arms trade and military globalisation; and critical approaches to the study of international security.

Taking Aim at the Arms Trade

NGOs, Global Civil Society
and the World Military Order

Anna Stavrianakis

Zed Books
London & New York

Taking Aim at the Arms Trade: NGOs, Global Civil Society and the World Military Order was first published in 2010 by Zed Books Ltd, 7 Cynthia Street, London N1 9JF, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA

This ebook edition was first published in 2013

www.zedbooks.co.uk

Copyright Anna Stavrianakis 2010

The right of Anna Stavrianakis to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988

Designed and typeset in Bembo by Kate Kirkwood
Index by Rohan Bolton, Rohan.Indexing@gmail.com
Cover designed by David Bradshaw

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data available

ISBN: 978-1-84813-900-8

For Brownie

Contents

Acknowledgements

This book is the product of engagement with a variety of people over several years. The strengths of it, such as they are, would not have been possible without those people, although I alone am responsible for its weaknesses. I am grateful to the many NGO staff members and volunteers, and civil servants involved in arms export licensing, who have generously discussed a variety of arms trade and control issues with me over time and, in some cases, commented on the manuscript. At the University of Bristol, where this academic project began life, Rob Dover and Ruth Blakeley provided moral and intellectual support, and I am grateful to Jutta Weldes and Richard Little for their guidance. More recently, at the University of Sussex, colleagues and friends have provided a congenial and stimulating environment in which to work. It is a pleasure and a privilege to be part of such a community. Spanning these geographical and temporal locations has been the invaluable combination of support and criticism from Tarak Barkawi, and stimulating dialogue with Neil Cooper, Keith Krause and David Mutimer.

I am very grateful to Tarak Barkawi, Ruth Blakeley, Rob Dover, Laleh Khalili, Jasna Lazarevic, Jan Selby, Martin Shaw and the anonymous reviewer for commenting on some of all of the manuscript. Some of the material in this book was presented at various BISA and ISA annual conferences, and at the LSEs Centre for Civil Society and Centre for the Study of Global Governance; thanks to the participants at these events for their constructive feedback. For their guidance during the publication process, thanks are due to Ellen Hallsworth and Ken Barlow at Zed Books. The original project on which this book is based was made possible by an ESRC PhD studentship and a Postdoctoral Fellowship.

I am indebted to my family and friends for their support over the years, and for their restraint in asking when the book affectionately known as Chicks and Guns will be finished. I hope that what follows will provide some explanation of what Ive been doing with my time. This book is dedicated to our dear friend Joanna Brown, who died suddenly in August 2008. May her generosity, adventurousness, determination, kindness and humour continue to inspire the rest of us.

Abbreviations

ADS	AeroSpace, Defence and Security Industries (UK)
AeIGT	Innovation and Growth Team
BASIC	British American Security Information Council
BERR	Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
BIS	Department for Business, Innovation and Skills
CAAT	Campaign Against Arms Trade
CHAD	Conflict and Humanitarian Affairs Department
CHASE	Conflict, Humanitarian and Security Department
CND	Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament
DDR	disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration
DESO	Defence Export Services Organisation
DfID	Department for International Development
DSEi	Defence Systems and Equipment International
DSO	Defence and Security Organisation
DTI	Department for Trade and Industry
ECGD	Export Credits Guarantee Department
EDA	European Defence Agency
ENAAT	European Network Against Arms Trade
EU	European Union
FCO	Foreign and Commonwealth Office (UK)
GDP	gross domestic product
HDI	Human Development Index
IANSA	International Action Network on Small Arms
ICAO	International Civil Aviation Organization
ICBL	International Campaign to Ban Landmines
IGO	inter-governmental organisations
IHL	international humanitarian law
ISIS	International Security Industrial Strategy
ITAR	International Traffic in Arms Regulations
JRCT	Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust
LDC	Least Developed Country
MoD	Ministry of Defence (UK)
MP	Member of Parliament
NATO	North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NDIC	National Defence Industries Council
NGO	non-governmental organisation
NISAT	Norwegian Initiative on Small Arms Transfers
NOD	Non-Offensive Defence
NRA	National Rifle Association (US)
ODA	overseas development aid
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PRIO	International Peace Research Institute, Oslo
RAF	Royal Air Force
SFO	Serious Fraud Office (UK)
SIPRI	Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
SSR	security sector reform
UKTI	UK Trade and Investment
UKWG	UK Working Group on Arms
UN	United Nations
WFSA	World Forum on the Future of Sport Shooting Activities
WMD	weapons of mass destruction
WOOC	Work On Own Country

Introduction

On 6 December 2006, the United Nations General Assembly took a historic step in voting in favour of a proposal to pursue an international, legally binding Arms Trade Treaty. Recognising that the absence of common international standards on the import, export and transfer of conventional arms undermin[es] peace, reconciliation, safety, security, stability and sustainable development, Resolution 61/89 mandated the UN to establish agreed international rules for arms transfers ().

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