Andreas Kellerhals - Challenges, Risks and Threats for Security in Europe: 11th Network Europe Conference Warsaw 19th - 22nd May 2019

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Challenges, risks and threats for security in Europe

11th Network Europe Conference Warsaw 19th - 22nd May 2019

Andreas Kellerhals and Tobias Baumgartner

Andreas Kellerhals, Tobias Baumgartner

Challenges, risks and threats for security in Europe by Europa Institut an der Universitt Zrich is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

2019 CC BY-NC-ND

Editors: Andreas Kellerhals, Tobias Baumgartner Europa Institut an der Universitt Zrich
Publishing & production: buchundnetz.com
Cover: buch&netz
ISBN: 973-3-03805-246-3 (Print Hardcover), 978-3-03805-245-6 (Print Softcover), 978-3-03805-305-7 (PDF), 978-3-03805-306-4 (ePub), 978-3-03805-307-1 (mobi/Kindle)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36862/eiz-246
Version: 1.14-20191121

This work is available in print and various digital formats. Additional information is available at http://buchundnetz.com/werke/eiznec11.

Contents

1

Preface

Andreas Kellerhals and Tobias Baumgartner

The conditions for security in Europe in the 21st century differ fundamentally from those in the second half of the 20th century. The consequences of the East-West conflict no longer determine the security agenda. Due to the pan-European process of integration and cooperation, European countries have for the first time in history the chance of a future together in an area of peace, freedom, security and justice. However, the security situation in Europe is determined by new challenges, risks and threats that appear more complex and less predictable. Security policy became a cross-cutting issue that needs to be thought along in various areas of politics and life. Comprehensive security means that external and internal as well as civilian and military security aspects are closely linked. It goes beyond the traditional security issues and includes, inter alia, instruments of economic, social, environmental, media and health policy.

In addition, todays risks and threats are global in nature, conventional attacks have become unlikely in the foreseeable future. All the more challenges arise from phenomena which cannot be managed on the national level: attacks on the security of IT systems; international terrorism; illegal migration, unsuccessful integration; environmental catastrophes; pandemics; organized crime; scarcity of resources like energy, food and water; climate change.

Given the complexity and cross-border nature of the challenges existing security risks appear to be solvable mainly through international cooperation. The role of international organizations is becoming increasingly important. Concerned with the security in Europe are the European Union, the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.

The 11th Network Conference of Network Europe analysed the cornerstones of an appropriate security architecture for Europe. The conference included presentations on central security issues such as cybercrime and migration as well as on institutional issues such as the concept of a European army and the role of neutral states in the 21st century. This publication comprises the conference contributions.

September 2019

Andreas Kellerhals and Tobias Baumgartner

2

Authors

Ass. Prof. Dr. Vadym Barskyy, Odessa I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine

Dr. Tobias Baumgartner, Europe Institute at the University of Zurich, Switzerland

Dr. Jelena Ceranic, Institute for Comparative Law Belgrade, Serbia

Dr. Viorel Cibotaru, European Institute for Political Studies, Moldova

Prof. Aleksei Dolzhikov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia

Prof. Dr. Alena F. Douhan, Belarusian State University, Belarus

Ass. Prof. Dr. Darina Dvornichenko, Odessa I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine

Prof. Itay Fishhendler, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel

Prof. Dr. Andreas Kellerhals, Europe Institute at the University of Zurich, Switzerland

Prof. Dr. Verena Murschetz, Leopold-Franzens-Universitt, Austria

Prof. Dr. Przemyslaw Saganek, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

Prof. Dr. Jrgen Scheffran, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy , Germany

Prof. Dr. Attila Vincze, Andrssy University Budapest, Hungary

Concept of a European Security and Defence Union (ESDU)

Viorel Cibotaru

Table of Contents

1. Security Situation in Europe
2. European Security and Defence Union
   1. Current discussion
   2. Purpose of the EDSU
3. Permanent Structured Cooperation
   1. Deepening defence cooperation among EU member states
   2. Structure and Governance
   3. Relevance for the security of the EU and its citizens
   4. Part of a comprehensive defence package

Security Situation in Europe

Defense matters has become a well-established mantra in capitals across Europe. After more than two decades of strategic time-out characterized by budget cuts and limited expeditionary crisis management abroad, European leaders are once again pressed to focus on how to defend their territories, citizens and open societies.

The security environment in and around Europe has worsened and become more complex. Threats have multiplied. Terrorism, hybrid threats, cyber-attacks or armed conflicts in Europe and our neighbourhood can have a direct impact on the security of European citizens. When it comes to security the core interests of all EU Member States are inseparably linked.

Todays threats do not know borders and no EU Member State can tackle them alone. A European Union that protects is what citizens expect the EU and all Member States to deliver.

French President Emmanuel Macrons recent call for the creation of a true European army was dramatically echoed by German chancellor Angela Merkel in mid-November and has brought the debate over a shared European military back into the public eye. This may mark a watershed moment in European politics. The debate has never been far from media headlines during the European Commission Presidency of Jean-Claude Juncker, but as the past four years have seen seismic changes in global and European politics, the advent of a true European military now seems to be more likely than ever before. With the United Kingdoms imminent departure from the Union, increasing instability in the transatlantic relationship , the fear of Russian military encroachment, and a worsening EU-Turkey relationship, the question in EU institutions increasingly seems to be not if a European army ought to exist but when and how.

European Security and Defence Union

Current discussion

The current discussion is driven by a recognition that the EU needs to do more in the area of security and defence. Three developments in particular have pushed ESDU to the top of the Unions agenda. Firstly, its failure to deal with the 2011 Libya crisis and the 2014 Ukraine crisis without the United States (US).

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