Alexis Heraclides - Security and Co-operation in Europe: The Human Dimension 1972-1992

SECURITY
AND CO-OPERATION
IN EUROPE: THE
HUMAN DIMENSION,
19721992

Alexis Heraclides

First published in 1993 by
FRANK CASS & CO. LTD

This edition published 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Copyright 1993 Alexis Heraclides

The views expressed in this book
are solely those of the author.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Heraclides, Alexis
Security and Co-operation in Europe:
Human Dimension, 197292
I. Tide
327.116

ISBN 0-7146-3484-0

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Heraclides, Alexis.
Security and co-operation in Europe: the human dimension,
19721992/ Alexis Heraclides.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7146-3484-0
1. Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (1972:
Helsinki, Finland)History. 2. Human rightsEuropeHistory20th
century. I. Title.

Typeset by Regent Typesetting, London

This book is the product of several years of active involvement in the CSCE process in what came to be known as its human dimension. Through these years I have benefited from the insight and views of several colleagues, insiders of the CSCE. With the risk of committing the gross error of omitting some of them, I should like to mention those to whom I am particularly indebted for without them I would not have gathered the courage and enthusiasm or taken the risk to start writing this book. They are Harris Nielsen from Denmark, Harm Hazewinkel and Ann de Bil Nachenius from the Netherlands, Ambassador J. Laurent and Werner Bowens from Belgium, the late Sir Anthony Williams and Philip Hurr from the United Kingdom, Ambassador Ekkehard Eickhoff from Germany, Ambassadors Max M. Kampelman and Samuel Wise from the United States, Thelma Duran and Tony Mannix from Ireland, the late Ambassador Pan de Soreluce from Spain, Ambassadors Nicos Karandreas, Constantin Tsamados and George Alexandropoulos from Greece, Ambassador Christo-foros Yiangou from Cyprus, Ambassador Antonio Armellini from Italy, Ambassador Helmut Tuerk and Dr Stefan Lehne from Austria, Ambassador Nils Eliasson from Sweden, Ambassador Count Mario von Ledebur-Wicheln from Liechtenstein, Ambassador Andre Erdos and Szuzza Hargitay from Hungary, Ambassador Evariste Saliba from Malta, Boyko Noev from Bulgaria, Ambassador Ekrem Guvendiren from Turkey, and the journalist Roland Eggleston.

Needless to say, none of the above bears any responsibility for my assessment and reading of the CSCE-human rights dimension, which is intended as a dispassionate scholarly study based on primary and secondary sources.

I would also like to mention a few other erdividuals fof whose support and assistance I am very grateful. They are Emil Golemanov, Vassilis Bornovas, Mania Telalian and George Dimitriadis.

Last, but certainly not least, I am particularly indebted for the support and suggestions provided by my father, Ambassador Dimitris Heraclides and, of course, to the Greek Foreign Ministry for allowing me to consult its archives.

A.H.

Note: Various preparatory meetings are not included. Of the several meetings of the new institutions set by the Charter of Paris of November 1991, only those of the CSCE Council are mentioned.

Multilateral Preparatory Talks, Helsinki (Dipoli)

22 November 19728 June 1973

CSCE (Phase 1), Helsinki

37 July 1973

CSCE (Phase 2), Geneva

18 September 197321 July 1975

CSCE (Phase 3), Helsinki

30 July1 August 1975

First CSCE Follow-up Meeting, Belgrade

4 October 19778 March 1978

Meeting of Experts on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Montreux

31 October11 December 1978

Meeting of Experts on Co-operation in the Mediterranean, Valletta

13 February26 March 1979

Scientific Forum, Hamburg

18 February3 March 1980

Second CSCE Follow-up Meeting, Madrid

11 November 19809 September 1983

Conference on CSBMs and Disarmament in Europe (CDE), Stockholm

17 January 198419 September 1986

Meeting of Experts on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes, Athens

21 March30 April 1984

Seminar on Co-operation in the Mediterranean, Venice

1626 October 1984

Meeting of Experts on Human Rights, Ottawa

7 May 17 June1985

Commemoration of 10th Anniversary of the Final Act, Helsinki

30 July1 August 1985

Cultural Forum, Budapest

15 October25 November 1985

Meeting of Experts on Human Contacts, Bern

15 April27 May 1986

Third CSCE Follow-up Meeting, Vienna

4 November 198619 January 1989

Negotiations on CSBMs, Vienna

6 March 1989-November 1990

Negotiations on Conventional Arms Forces in Europe (CFE), Vienna

6 March 1989-November 1990

Information Forum, London

18 April12 May 1989