Will Guzman - Civil Rights in the Texas Borderlands: Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and Black Activism

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Civil Rights in the
Texas Borderlands

Civil Rights in the
Texas Borderlands

Dr. Lawrence A. Nixon and Black Activism

WILL GUZMN

2015 by the Board of Trustees
of the University of Illinois
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
c 5 4 3 2 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015903878
ISBN: 978-0-252-03892-1 (hardcover)
ISBN: 978-0-252-09688-4 (e-book)

Contents

Illustrations

Notes on Usage

The terms African American, Black, or New World African will be used interchangeably in this biography to refer to former African captives who were enslaved in the United States and colonies of European powers in the Americas. Terms such as Negro or colored are used when required in proper context or the quoting of sources. I agree with scholar Jeffrey Perry in that because many Black activists and intellectuals during Lawrence A. Nixons lifetime struggled to capitalize the N in Negro as both a statement of pride and as a challenge to white supremacy, it makes sense to likewise capitalize the B in Black when it is used as its equivalent but that there is no similarly compelling basis for capitalizing the w in white.

Afro-Latina/o is a contemporary word used by activists and scholars to describe individuals of African descent who are born in Africa (such as Equatorial Guinea or Angola), the Americas, or the Iberian Peninsula and speak Spanish or Portuguese or have been acculturated into Spanish or Portuguese culture or both. The term Afro-Latino, and similar terms such as Afro-Caribbean and Afro-Latin America, announce a reclamation of, and sense of pride in, African heritages as well as a social and political connection with others throughout the African diaspora that is grounded in the legacies of slavery, segregation, discrimination, and racial violence. The term Afro-Latina/o also complicates homogenizing uses of Latina/o and definitions of Latinas/os as a mixed-race constituency.

Mexican, Mexicano, and Mexican immigrant are used interchangeably when describing those born in Mexico who reside temporarily in the United States. Mexican American is used to describe those born in the United States and those who change their citizenship status.

Latina/o is used to describe persons or communities of Latin American origin. Hispanic in this study encompasses all Spanish-speaking peoples in both hemispheres, although I am aware of the possible negative political implications of both Latina/o and Hispanic depending on ones geography or politics.

Anglo is used to distinguish a white non-Hispanic from a person of Hispanic heritage. In parts of the United States with large Hispanic populations, such as the Southwest in general and El Paso in particular, an American of Polish, Irish, or German heritage might be termed an Anglo. However, in parts of the country where the Hispanic population is small, or in areas where ethnic distinctions among European groups remain strong, the word Anglo has little currency as a general term for non-Hispanic whites.

Abbreviations

EPPL-SW	El Paso, Texas, Public Librarydowntown branch, Southwest Collection
FOIPA	Freedom of Information and Privacy Act
HUAC	House Committee on Un-American Activities
IOH-UTEP	Institute of Oral History at University of TexasEl Paso
LANP-LBJL	Lawrence Aaron Nixon Papers, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas
LOCMD	Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.
NAACP	National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NARA-DC	National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
N/MFP	Nixon/McIver Family Papers, Albuquerque, New Mexico
USDJ-FBI-DC	United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Washington, D.C.

Lawrence A. Nixon Chronology

Event	Year
Born in Marshall, Harrison County, Texas	1883
Moves to New Orleans, Orleans Parrish, Louisiana	1886
Moves back to Marshall, Harrison County, Texas	1893
Graduates from Wiley College in Marshall, Texas	1902
Graduates from Meharry Medical School in Nashville, Tennessee	1906
Moves to Cameron, Milam County, Texas	1906
Marries first wife, Esther Josephine Calvin	1907
Witnesses the lynching of Alex Johnson	1907
Birth of son, Lawrence Joseph Nixon	1909
Moves to El Paso, El Paso County, Texas	1910
Death of father, Charles Blanton Nixon	1910
Mexican Revolution	1910
Helps establish the El Paso NAACP	1914
Death of Esther Josephine Calvin from influenza	1919
Intervenes to prevent sharecropper Henry Lowry from being lynched	1921
Texas Terrell Election Law revised, Blacks barred from Democratic primary	1923
Becomes life member of the NAACP	1927
L. A. Nixon v. Champ C. Herndon and Charles V. Porras	1927
L. A. Nixon v. James C. Condon and Charles H. Kolle	1932
L. A. Nixon v. George L. McCann and Frank Brenk	1934
Death of mother, Jennie Valerie (Engledow) Nixon	1934
Marries second wife, Drusilla Elizabeth Tandy	1935
Birth of daughter, Drusilla Ann Nixon	1937
Birth of second daughter, Edna Angela Nixon	1939
Helps establish the El Paso Southern Conference for Human Welfare	1945
Retires from medical practice	1963
Civil Rights Act is signed into law	1964
Voting Rights Act is signed into law	1965
Dies from injuries suffered in automobile accident	1966
L. A. Nixon Elementary School opens	1991

Civil Rights in the
Texas Borderlands

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