Brian R Urlacher - International Relations as Negotiation

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INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AS NEGOTIATION

Mark A. Boyer and Shareen Hertel, Series Editors

International Studies Intensives (ISI) is a book series that springs from the desire to keep students engaged in the world around them. ISI books pack a lot of information into a small spacethey are meant to offer an intensive introduction to subjects often left out of the curriculum. ISI books are relatively short, visually attractive, and affordably priced.

Titles in the Series

The Rules of the Game: A Primer on International Relations, Mark R. Amstutz

Development Redefined: How the Market Met Its Match, Robin Broad and John Cavanagh

Protecting the Global Environment, Gary C. Bryner

A Tale of Two Quagmires: Iraq, Vietnam, and the Hard Lessons of War, Kenneth J. Campbell

Celebrity Diplomacy, Andrew F. Cooper

Global Health in the 21st Century: The Globalization of Disease and Wellness,

Debra L. DeLaet and David E. DeLaet

Terminate Terrorism: Framing, Gaming, and Negotiating Conflicts, Karen A. Feste

Watching Human Rights: The 101 Best Films, Mark Gibney

The Global Classroom: An Essential Guide to Study Abroad, Jeffrey S. Lantis and Jessica DuPlaga

Democratic Uprisings in the New Middle East: Youth, Technology, Human Rights,

and US Foreign Policy, Mahmood Monshipouri

Sixteen Million One: Understanding Civil War, Patrick M. Regan

Violence against Women and the Law, David L. Richards and Jillienne Haglund

People Count! Networked Individuals in Global Politics, James N. Rosenau

Paradoxes of Power: US Foreign Policy in a Changing World, David Skidmore

Global Democracy and the World Social Forums, Second Edition, Jackie Smith and Marina Karides et al.

International Relations as Negotiation, Brian R. Urlacher

From Jicama to Jackfruit: The Global Political Economy of Food, Kimberly Weir

Governing the World? Addressing Problems without Passports, Thomas G. Weiss

Forthcoming in the Series

A Humbled Superpower: US Foreign Policy and Possibilities of Contrition, Loramy Gerstbauer

The New Warfare: Rethinking Rules for an Unruly World, J. Martin Rochester

Myth and Reality in International Politics, Jonathan Wilkenfeld

Spirits Talking: Conversations on Right and Wrong in the Affairs of States, Stephen D. Wrage

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
AS NEGOTIATION

Brian R. Urlacher

First published 2015 by Paradigm Publishers

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 2015, Taylor & Francis.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Urlacher, Brian R.

International relations as negotiation / Brian R. Urlacher.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-61205-415-5 (hardcover : alk. paper)

1. International relations. 2. Negotiation. I. Title.

JZ1308.U76 2014

327dc23

2014042165

ISBN 13: 978-1-61205-415-5 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-61205-416-2 (pbk)

CONTENTS

This book is the product of relationships. The scholars I studied under, the coauthors I have worked with, and the friends I have made all shaped my worldview and my understanding of international politics as negotiation. My family, my wife, and my children have also taught me the value of negotiation in managing difference, in finding common ground, and in building a happy life.

On a more practical note, I would thank my wife, Angela Harrison-Urlacher, and my friend Carissa Green for their valuable feedback and suggestions. This book is better for their efforts, and I am grateful.

The very concept of international relations implies interconnections and interactions. These relationships tie us all together in a common global system. Scientific and artistic advances as well as economic and political developments can move through the international system and, in doing so, touch the lives of millions if not billions of people. We are interconnected, but interconnection does not mean harmonyquite the opposite! As humans we have goals and aspirations, ideas and ambitions. Disagreements are common and perhaps even healthy. As Robert Axelrod and Robert Keohane (1985, 226) point out, Cooperation is not equivalent to harmony cooperation can only take place in situations that contain a mixture of conflicting and complementary interests.

To understand how people work out their differences (or fail to do so), this book draws on a wide body of practical and academic work on negotiation and organizes it around some of the central issues of international politics: international security, the global economy, and global governance. This book is about global problems that involve conflicting and complementary interests, but more importantly, it is about how we solve global problems through negotiation. Negotiation, at its heart, is problem solving. It is getting people with different interests and goals to find a mutual solution to a problem that all involved can accept. Negotiation is a part of everyday life. We negotiate with friends and spouses, roommates and coworkers, clerks and car sales staff. Yet, problem solving in the international system operates under a different set of rules than we typically encounter in our daily lives.

International negotiations, unlike negotiations in other contexts, take place in an anarchic system. In other words, there is no world government with the authority to create law or the power to enforce international agreements. When negotiations break down in a domestic setting, a higher authority has a stake in seeing conflict resolved amicably. In most domestic settings, court systems function, and rules are enforced by a government.

By contrast, the international system contains many autonomous actors who must work out for themselves whatever rules will exist and find ways to enforce those rules. The treaties and conventions that govern nuclear technology, human rights, trade policy, and the management of the global environment all have been negotiated by states. When these agreements fail, states, acting alone, in unison, or through international organizations, attempt to enforce compliance or renegotiate the terms of the agreements. When these efforts fail, the consequences can range from a grumbling continuation of the status quo to the start of world war.

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